Ketahanan Penetrasi Tanah Akibat Pengolahan Slot Till dan Berbagai Perlakuan Teras Gulud

Abstract

Kemiringan lereng dan pengolahan tanah yang tidak tepat menyebabkan erosi dan pemadatan tanah, sehingga meningkatkan ketahanan penetrasi tanah dan menghambat pertumbuhan akar tanaman. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh teknik konservasi berupa slot tillage dan berbagai perlakuan teras gulud terhadap ketahanan penetrasi tanah serta sifat fisik tanah. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Petak Erosi Kebun Pendidikan Cikabayan IPB menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan tersebut yaitu, kontrol (P1), slot till (P2), slot till dan guludan bersaluran (P3), slot till, guludan bersaluran, dan mulsa (P4), slot till, guludan bersaluran, mulsa, dan biopori (LRB) (P5). Pengukuran ketahanan penetrasi tanah dilakukan pada tiga kondisi kadar air menggunakan penetrometer saku, lalu diinterpolasi, disertai analisis laboratorium untuk sifat fisik dan kimia tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketahanan penetrasi tanah cenderung menurun akibat perlakuan teknik konservasi. Kombinasi penambahan mulsa organik dan pembuatan LRB pada saluran (P5) secara nyata menurunkan ketahanan penetrasi tanah di kedalaman 0–10 cm dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya. Ketahanan penetrasi tanah terbukti berkorelasi positif dengan bobot isi tanah serta berkorelasi negatif dengan kadar bahan organik tanah. Responsivitas ketahanan penetrasi tanah terhadap kadar air tertinggi terjadi pada P1 dan P2 (-0,11), sedangkan terendah pada P5 (-0,05).

Slope steepness and improper tillage cause soil erosion and compaction, increase penetration resistance and consequently inhibit plant root growth. This study aimed to determine the effect of conservation techniques, specifically slot tillage and various gulud terrace treatments, on soil penetration resistance and soil physical properties. The research was conducted at the Erosion Plot of Cikabayan Education Garden, IPB, using a Completely Randomized Design with 5 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments are control (P1), slot tillage (P2), slot tillage, gulud terrace (P3), slot tillage, gulud terrace, and mulch (P4), slot tillage, gulud terrace, mulch, and Biopore Infiltration Hole (LRB) (P5). Soil penetration resistance was measured under three moisture conditions using a pocket penetrometer, followed by interpolation, laboratory analysis of soil physical and chemical properties. The results showed that soil penetration resistance tended to decrease due to conservation treatments. The combination of organic mulch addition and LRB construction in the channels (P5) clearly reduced soil penetration resistance at a depth of 0–10 cm compared to the other treatments. Soil penetration resistance was positively correlated with soil bulk density and negatively correlated with soil organic matter content. The highest responsiveness of soil penetration resistance to moisture content occurred in P1 and P2 (-0,11), while the lowest was in P5 (-0,05).