Kualitas Semen dan Profil Metabolom Plasma Semen Sapi Friesian Holstein Berdasarkan Umur
Date
2026Author
Kurniati, Rina Nur Sari
Purwantara, Bambang
Karja, Ni Wayan Kurniani
Judi
Metadata
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Produksi susu sapi FH di Indonesia saat ini baru mencukupi 22% dari kebutuhan nasional. Kondisi ini menuntut adanya upaya peningkatan populasi dan kinerja sapi perah melalui inseminasi buatan (IB). Keberhasilan IB salah satunya dipengaruhi oleh fertilitas pejantan. Salah satu faktor yang memengaruhi fertilitas adalah umur pejantan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi kualitas semen dan profil metabolom plasma semen sapi FH pada kelompok umur yang berbeda. Enam ekor sapi FH dari Balai IB Lembang dikelompokkan menjadi <5 tahun dan >5 tahun, yang masing-masing terdiri atas tiga ekor. Kelompok umur <5 tahun terdiri atas pejantan umur 3 tahun 2 bulan hingga 4 tahun 7 bulan, sedangkan kelompok umur >5 tahun terdiri atas pejantan umur 5 tahun 2 bulan hingga 9 tahun. Sapi FH sebelumnya mengalami istirahat kawin selama lebih dari enam bulan. Semen dikoleksi secara berulang hingga memiliki karakteristik semen yang merepresentasikan kondisi produksi pada pola koleksi rutin. Semen kemudian dikoleksi dan dievaluasi untuk menganalisis kualitas semen serta metabolom plasma semen. Semen dievaluasi secara makroskopik dan mikroskopik. Profil metabolom plasma semen dianalisis menggunakan liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas semen menurun setelah periode istirahat kawin. Volume, gerakan massa, konsentrasi, total spermatozoa, dan viabilitas antarkelompok umur tidak berbeda secara signifikan (P>0,05). Motilitas, membran plasma utuh, tudung akrosom utuh, dan abnormalitas spermatozoa menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan (P<0,05), meskipun perbedaan tersebut tidak ekstrem. Analisis metabolomik mengidentifikasi berbagai kelas metabolit, termasuk asil lemak, asam karboksilat dan derivatnya, gliserofosfolipid, organonitrogen, nukleosida purin, organooksigen, indol dan derivatnya, asam sulfat organik dan derivatnya, imidazopirimidin, benzena dan derivatnya, lipid prenol, serta asam keto dan derivatnya. Jumlah total metabolit dan kelimpahan relatif setiap kelas metabolit tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05) antarkelompok umur. Analisis korelasi menunjukkan beberapa kelas metabolit berkorelasi signifikan dengan kualitas spermatozoa. Kelompok umur secara keseluruhan tidak memengaruhi kualitas semen maupun profil metabolom plasma semen. Semen pejantan FH pada kedua kelompok umur pada penelitian ini masih memenuhi Standar Nasional Indonesia, sehingga pejantan berumur >5 tahun tetap layak digunakan sebagai sumber spermatozoa untuk program IB. Milk production from Holstein Friesian (HF) cattle in Indonesia currently accounts for only 22% of the national demand. This condition highlights the need to improve dairy cattle populations and productivity through artificial insemination (AI). The success of AI is influenced, among other factors, by bull fertility, which is affected by age. This study aimed to evaluate semen quality and seminal plasma metabolomic profiles of HF bulls from different age groups. Six HF bulls from the Lembang AI Center were classified into two age groups, <5 years and >5 years, with three bulls in each group. The <5-year age group consisted of bulls ranging from 3 years 2 months to 4 years 7 months, whereas the >5-year age group consisted of bulls ranging from 5 years 2 months to 9 years. The bulls had been sexually rested for more than six months before the study. Semen was collected repeatedly until its characteristics represented those obtained under a routine collection regimen. Semen was then collected and evaluated to assess semen quality and seminal plasma metabolomics. Semen quality was evaluated using macroscopic and microscopic examinations, while seminal plasma metabolomic profiles were analyzed using liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC–HRMS). The results showed that semen quality declined following the period of sexual rest. Semen volume, mass movement, concentration, total sperm count, and viability did not differ significantly (P>0.05) between age groups. In contrast, sperm motility, morphological abnormalities, plasma membrane integrity, and acrosome integrity differed significantly (P<0.05); however, the difference was not substantial. Metabolomic analysis identified various metabolite classes, including fatty acyls, carboxylic acids and derivatives, glycerophospholipids, organonitrogen compounds, purine nucleosides, organooxygen compounds, indoles and derivatives, organic sulfuric acids and derivatives, imidazopyrimidines, benzenes and derivatives, prenol lipids, and keto acids and derivatives. The total number of metabolites and the relative abundance of each metabolite class did not differ significantly (P>0.05) between age groups. Correlation analysis revealed a significant correlation between several metabolite classes and sperm quality parameters. Overall, age group did not affect semen quality or seminal plasma metabolomic profiles. Semen from HF bulls in both age groups in this study met the Indonesian National Standard, indicating that bulls aged over 5 years remain suitable for use as sperm donors in AI programs.
Collections
- MF - Veterinary Science [999]

