Uji Sitotoksisitas Ekstrak Buah Jambu Biji (Psidium guajava L.) Terhadap Sel Kanker Kolon WiDr

Abstract

Sel kanker WiDr merupakan jenis sel kanker kolon yang telah lama digunakan untuk menganalisis perkembangan karsinogenesis secara in vitro. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji efektivitas ekstrak buah jambu biji (Psidium guajava L.) sebagai agen antikanker terhadap sel WiDr. Penelitian dilakukan melalui tahapan persiapan sampel, subkultur, dan pemberian perlakuan ekstrak buah jambu biji. Parameter yang diamati meliputi population doubling time (PDT), viabilitas sel, inhibisi sel, nilai inhibition concentration (IC50), dan morfologi sel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sel WiDr memiliki nilai PDT sebesar 25,11 jam yang mengindikasikan laju proliferasi relatif cepat. Ekstrak buah jambu biji menunjukkan aktivitas sitotoksik terhadap sel WiDr dengan viabilitas terendah sebesar 37,83% dan inhibisi tertinggi sebesar 62,13 ± 5,37% pada konsentrasi 950 µg/mL. Pengamatan morfologi menunjukkan adanya pembulatan sel, penyusutan ukuran sel, penurunan perlekatan, dan berkurangnya kerapatan sel setelah perlakuan ekstrak. Nilai IC50 ekstrak buah jambu biji terhadap sel WiDr sebesar 507,56 µg/mL yang termasuk kategori sitotoksik rendah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak buah jambu biji memiliki aktivitas sitotoksik terhadap sel WiDr dan berpotensi sebagai sumber senyawa antikanker.

WiDr cancer cells are a type of colon cancer cell that has long been used to analyze the progression of carcinogenesis in vitro. This study aimed to test the effectiveness of guava fruit extract (Psidium guajava L.) as an anticancer agent against WiDr cells. The study was conducted through the stages of sample preparation, subculturing, and treatment with guava fruit extract. The parameters observed included population doubling time (PDT), cell viability, cell inhibition, inhibition concentration (IC50) values, and cell morphology. The results showed that WiDr cells had a PDT of 25.11 hours, indicating a relatively fast proliferation rate. Guava fruit extract exhibited cytotoxic activity against WiDr cells, with the lowest viability of 37.83% and the highest inhibition of 62.13 ± 5.37% at a concentration of 950 µg/mL. Morphological observations revealed cell rounding, a reduction in cell size, decreased adhesion, and reduced cell density following treatment with the extract. The IC50 value of the guava fruit extract against WiDr cells was 507,56 µg/mL, which falls into the low cytotoxicity category. The results of this study indicate that guava fruit extract exhibits cytotoxic activity against WiDr cells and has potential as a source of anticancer compounds.