Gambaran Titer Antibodi ND pada Ayam IPB-D2 yang Terserang Wabah ND di Kandang Fakultas Peternakan IPB

Abstract

Newcastle Disease (ND) merupakan penyakit penting pada unggas yang dapat menyebabkan mortalitas tinggi. Ayam IPB-D2 merupakan galur ayam yang diseleksi berdasarkan sifat ketahanannya terhadap ND, namun wabah ND tetap terjadi pada populasi ayam IPB-D2 di kandang Fakultas Peternakan IPB. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi kemungkinan adanya infeksi virus ND pada ayam IPB-D2 yang terserang wabah ND melalui analisis titer antibodi. Penelitian menggunakan 58 sampel serum darah yang terdiri atas 29 sampel ayam umur <8 minggu dan 29 sampel ayam umur >16 minggu. Pemeriksaan titer antibodi dilakukan menggunakan uji Haemagglutination Inhibition (HI). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar ayam memiliki titer antibodi ND rendah, yaitu 72,41% sampel memiliki titer 20, 13,79% memiliki titer 2¹, 12,08% memiliki titer 2², dan 1,72% memiliki titer 2³. Nilai GMT kelompok umur <8 minggu dan >16 minggu masing-masing sebesar 1,46 dan 1,24 dengan perbedaan yang tidak signifikan (p>0,05). Temuan ini mengindikasikan kemungkinan terjadinya infeksi akut ND sebelum terbentuk respons imun humoral yang optimal pada ayam IPB-D2.

Newcastle Disease (ND) is an important poultry disease that can cause high mortality. IPB-D2 chickens are a chicken line selectively bred for resistance to ND; however, an ND outbreak still occurred in the IPB-D2 chicken population at the Faculty of Animal Science IPB. This study aimed to identify the possibility of ND virus infection in IPB-D2 chickens affected by the ND outbreak through antibody titer analysis. A total of 58 blood serum samples were collected, consisting of 29 samples from chickens aged <8 weeks and 29 samples from chickens aged >16 weeks. Antibody titers were examined using the Haemagglutination Inhibition (HI) test. The results showed that most chickens had low ND antibody titers, with 72.41% of samples having a titer of 20, 13.79% having 2¹, 12.08% having 2², and 1.72% having 2³. The GMT values of the <8 weeks and >16 weeks age groups were 1.46 and 1.24, respectively, with no significant difference between the group (p>0.05). These findings suggest that acute ND infection may have occurred in the IPB-D2 chicken population before an optimal humoral immune response was established.