Peran Agroforestri dalam Skema Kemitraan Konservasi terhadap Ketahanan Pangan Rumah Tangga Petani di Desa Pulosari Kabupaten Sukabumi

Abstract

Skema kemitraan konservasi di Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak (TNGHS) melibatkan masyarakat lokal dalam pengelolaan lahan melalui sistem agroforestri. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengelolaan agroforestri, mengukur tingkat ketahanan pangan rumah tangga, dan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya di Desa Pulosari, Kabupaten Sukabumi. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan mixed methods pada 33 rumah tangga anggota Kelompok Tani Hutan (KTH) yang dipilih secara purposive sampling. Data kuantitatif dianalisis menggunakan Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS), pangsa pengeluaran pangan, dan kontribusi pendapatan agroforestri terhadap pengeluaran pangan, sedangkan data kualitatif dianalisis menggunakan analisis tematik. Seluruh rumah tangga menerapkan pola tanam tumpang sari, dan karena hampir seluruh hasil panen (99%) dijual, peran agroforestri terhadap ketahanan pangan berlangsung terutama melalui pendapatan tunai, bukan konsumsi langsung. Sebanyak 84,8% rumah tangga tergolong tahan pangan berdasarkan HFIAS, meskipun 54,55% memiliki pangsa pengeluaran pangan tinggi, menunjukkan bahwa akses pangan lebih bertumpu pada kemampuan ekonomi daripada produksi pangan sendiri. Stabilitas pendapatan, kondisi ekologis dan pasar, dukungan kelembagaan, serta peran perempuan turut memengaruhi sejauh mana peran tersebut berjalan. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa agroforestri berperan penting dalam menjaga akses pangan rumah tangga di kawasan kemitraan konservasi TNGHS, terutama melalui jalur ekonomi.

The conservation partnership scheme in Gunung Halimun Salak National Park (TNGHS) involves local communities in land management through agroforestry systems. This study aimed to analyze agroforestry management, measure household food security, and identify the factors influencing it in Pulosari Village, Sukabumi Regency. A mixed-methods approach was applied to 33 households from Forest Farmer Groups (KTH) selected through purposive sampling. Quantitative data were analyzed using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS), food expenditure share, and the contribution of agroforestry income to food expenditure, while qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. All households practiced intercropping, and since nearly all harvest output (99%) was sold, agroforestry's role in food security operated mainly through cash income rather than direct consumption. A total of 84.8% of households were classified as food secure based on HFIAS, although 54.55% allocated a high share of expenditure to food, indicating that food access relied more on economic capacity than on self-produced food. Income stability, ecological and market conditions, institutional support, and women's roles further shaped the extent of this role. These findings confirm that agroforestry plays an important role in sustaining household food access within the TNGHS conservation partnership area, primarily through the economic pathway.