Implementasi Kebijakan SVLK Pasca UUCK Terhadap Keberlanjutan Hutan Rakyat di Provinsi Banten

Abstract

Sistem Verifikasi Legalitas dan Kelestarian (SVLK) adalah instrumen kebijakan yang dirancang untuk memastikan produk hasil hutan kayu yang beredar telah memenuhi aspek legalitas dan pengelolaan hutan secara lestari di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji pelaksanaan kebijakan SVLK di Provinsi Banten, mengidentifikasi peran dan kepentingan para stakeholder, dan menilai dampak ekonominya terhadap laba bersih yang diterima petani hutan rakyat sebelum dan sesudah Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja (UUCK). Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan Mixed Methode yang mengombinasikan teknik kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui survei, wawancara mendalam, dan penyebaran kuesioner yang berisi guiding questions kepada petani hutan rakyat dan stakeholder terkait. Analisis yang digunakan terdiri dari analisis implementasi kebijakan, analisis stakeholder (actor grid), analisis pendapatan, dan analisis Rasio Pendapatan Biaya (R/C). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi Kebijakan SVLK pasca UUCK untuk hutan rakyat belum efektif karena keterbatasan sumber daya manusia, anggaran, komunikasi kebijakan, dan tidak ada evaluasi, monitoring serta sosialisasi peraturan SVLK. Forest Management Unit (FMU) merupakan perkumpulan petani hutan yang dibentuk dengan tujuan bersama dan memiliki pengurus, yang telah memperoleh fasilitasi biaya verifikasi SVLK di Provinsi Banten. Fasilitasi biaya verifikasi bisa mengurangi beban biaya petani, tetapi tidak signifikan merubah kesejahteraan petani. FMU dan Kementerian Kehutanan memainkan peran sebagai Key Players dengan tingkat kepentingan dan pengaruh tertinggi, sedangkan stakeholder lainnya diklasifikasikan sebagai Subject, Crowd dan Context Setter. Secara ekonomi, hasil hutan gabungan (kayu dan non-kayu) memberikan manfaat ekonomi yang lebih besar bagi petani dibandingkan hasil hutan kayu saja. Pola agroforestri menjadi pilihan pengelolaan yang efektif karena mampu meningkatkan pendapatan sekaligus menjaga kelestarian lingkungan. Regulasi SVLK pasca UUCK menyederhanakan instrumen legalitas hasil hutan kayu dengan Deklarasi Hasil Hutan Mandiri (DHHM) sehingga mengurangi beban biaya petani.

The Timber Legality and Sustainability Verification System (SVLK) is a policy instrument designed to ensure that timber forest products circulating in Indonesia comply with legal requirements and sustainable forest management principles. This study aims to examine the implementation of the SVLK policy in Banten Province, identify the roles and interests of stakeholders, and assess its economic impact on the net income of community forest farmers before and post-UUCK. This research employed a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative techniques. Data were collected through surveys, in-depth interviews, and questionnaires containing guiding questions administered to community forest farmers and relevant stakeholders. The analyses included policy implementation analysis, stakeholder analysis (actor grid), income analysis, and Revenue-Cost Ratio (R/C) analysis. The results indicate that the implementation of the SVLK policy in community forests after the enactment of the UUCK has not been fully effective due to limitations in human resources, budget allocation, policy communication, as well as the lack of evaluation, monitoring, and dissemination of SVLK regulations. Forest Management Units (FMUs), which are associations of community forest farmers established to achieve common objectives and managed by formal administrators, have received financial assistance for SVLK verification costs in Banten Province. Although such financial support reduces the cost burden on farmers, it has not significantly improved their overall welfare. FMUs and the Ministry of Forestry play the role of Key Players, possessing the highest levels of interest and influence, while other stakeholders are categorized as Subjects, Crowds, and Context Setters. From an economic perspective, combined forest products (timber and non-timber) generate greater economic benefits for farmers than timber products alone. Agroforestry has emerged as an effective management approach because it can increase farmers’ income while maintaining environmental sustainability. Furthermore, post-UUCK SVLK regulations have simplified the legality requirements for timber forest products through the Self-Declaration of Conformity (SDoC) mechanism, thereby reducing the administrative and financial burden borne by farmers