Effects of Crystalloid Resuscitation and Norepinephrine on Septic Shock Sus scrofa domestica’s Hemodynamic Stability.

Abstract

This research evaluates the hemodynamic effects of crystalloid fluid therapy alone versus combined with norepinephrine in a porcine model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced septic shock. Nine pigs were divided into three groups: Group 1 (negative control, fluid therapy only), Group 2 (LPS + fluid therapy) and Group 3 (LPS + fluid and norepinephrine therapy). Heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were monitored throughout the study. Administration of LPS induced significantly low MAP (< 60 mmHg) and a compensatory tachycardia in all animals. Crystalloid fluids alone fail to restore MAP. The combination of crystalloid fluids along with norepinephrine did significantly restore MAP and stabilize the heart rate. Therefore, early vasopressors intervention in addition to fluid resuscitation to promote restoration of vascular tone and organ perfusion.