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      Gambaran Histopatologi Ginjal Tikus Putih pada Uji Toksisitas Subkronis Ekstrak Daun Ketepeng Cina (Cassia alata L.)

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      AZIZAH, NAHLA FIFI
      Fadholly, Amaq
      Harlina, Eva
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      Abstract
      Ketepeng cina (Cassia alata L.) merupakan tanaman obat yang banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai laksatif tradisional. Meskipun memiliki berbagai aktivitas farmakologis, penggunaan berulang dalam jangka waktu lama berpotensi menimbulkan efek toksik sehingga diperlukan evaluasi keamanan melalui uji toksisitas subkronis. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi efek pemberian ekstrak etanol daun ketepeng cina terhadap histopatologi ginjal tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus). Sebanyak 36 ekor tikus Sprague-Dawley jantan dan betina dibagi ke dalam enam kelompok, yaitu kontrol negatif (KN), kelompok perlakuan dosis 100 (D1), 300 (D2), dan 900 mg/kgBB (D3), serta kelompok satelit kontrol negatif (SKN) dan satelit dosis tinggi (SD3). Ekstrak diberikan secara oral selama 28 hari. Ginjal kemudian dikoleksi dan diperiksa secara histopatologi menggunakan pewarnaan hematoksilin-eosin. Pengamatan meliputi perubahan glomerulus (atrofi dan edema) serta lesi tubulus berupa degenerasi hidropis, endapan protein, dan nekrosis. Analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada lesi glomerulus antar kelompok perlakuan (p>0,05). Sebaliknya, pemberian ekstrak meningkatkan kejadian degenerasi hidropis dan nekrosis tubulus korteks secara signifikan (p<0,05), terutama pada dosis tinggi. Persentase degenerasi hidropis pada tikus betina meningkat dari 2,72% pada kelompok kontrol menjadi 13,41% pada kelompok D3, sedangkan nekrosis meningkat dari 2,47% menjadi 5,27%. Persentase degenerasi hidropis pada tikus jantan meningkat dari 1,68% menjadi 3,95%, sedangkan nekrosis meningkat dari 2,15% menjadi 6,69%. Kelompok dosis 100 mg/kgBB tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata dibandingkan kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun ketepeng cina relatif aman pada dosis 100 mg/kgBB, tetapi berpotensi menyebabkan perubahan histopatologis tubulus ginjal pada dosis yang lebih tinggi.
       
      Cassia alata L. is a medicinal plant widely used as a traditional laxative. Despite its therapeutic benefits, prolonged use may induce toxic effects, necessitating safety evaluation through subchronic toxicity studies. This study aimed to assess the effects of ethanolic C. alata leaf extract on renal histopathology in white rats (Rattus norvegicus). Thirty-six male and female Sprague Dawley rats were allocated into six groups: negative control (NC), extract-treated groups receiving 100 (D1), 300 (D2), and 900 mg/kg body weight (D3), satellite negative control (SNC), and high-dose satellite (SD3). The extract was administered orally for 28 consecutive days. Kidney tissues were collected and examined histopathologically using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Evaluated lesions included glomerular alterations (atrophy and edema) and tubular changes consisting of hydropic degeneration, proteinaceous casts, and necrosis. Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences in glomerular lesions among treatment groups (p>0.05). In contrast, cortical tubular hydropic degeneration and necrosis increased significantly following extract administration (p<0.05), particularly at the highest dose. In female rats, hydropic degeneration increased from 2.72% in the control group to 13.41% in D3, while tubular necrosis increased from 2.47% to 5.27%. In male rats, hydropic degeneration increased from 1.68% to 3.95%, whereas necrosis increased from 2.15% to 6.69%. No significant differences were observed between the 100 mg/kg body weight group and the control group. These findings indicate that ethanolic C. alata leaf extract is relatively safe at 100 mg/kg body weight under subchronic exposure conditions but may induce dose-dependent renal tubular histopathological alterations at higher doses.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/174482
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      • UF - Veterinary Clinic Reproduction and Pathology [2211]

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