Komparasi Karakteristik Rekatan Glued Laminated Timber (Glulam) dengan Lamina Perlakuan Steam pada Dua Jenis Kayu Jabon

Abstract

Kayu jabon merupakan salah satu jenis kayu cepat tumbuh yang berpotensi digunakan sebagai bahan baku glued laminated timber (glulam). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh perlakuan steam terhadap sifat fisis, keterbasahan, dan kualitas perekatan glulam dari kayu jabon merah (Neolamarckia macrophylla) dan jabon putih (Neolamarckia cadamba). Lamina disusun menjadi glulam tiga lapis menggunakan perekat polyurethane (PU). Pengujian meliputi kadar air, kerapatan, kekasaran permukaan, sudut kontak, modulus elastisitas dinamis (MOEd), delaminasi, keteguhan geser, dan persentase kegagalan pada kayu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan steam menurunkan kadar air lamina tanpa memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kerapatan kayu. Selain itu, perlakuan steam juga meningkatkan kekasaran permukaan dan menurunkan sudut kontak, yang menunjukkan peningkatan keterbasahan kayu. Pemilahan lamina menggunakan metode NDT berhasil mengelompokkan lamina berdasarkan kekakuannya. Secara umum, glulam jabon merah menunjukkan kualitas perekatan yang lebih baik dibandingkan jabon putih, sedangkan perlakuan steam cenderung menurunkan kualitas ikatan perekat meskipun meningkatkan keterbasahan permukaan kayu.

Jabon wood is a fast-growing species with considerable potential as a raw material for glued laminated timber (glulam) production. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of steam treatment on the physical properties, wettability, and bonding performance of glulam manufactured from red jabon (Neolamarckia macrophylla) and white jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba). Three-layer glulam panels were fabricated using polyurethane (PU) adhesive. The evaluated parameters included moisture content, density, surface roughness, contact angle, dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOEd), delamination, shear strength, and wood failure percentage. The results showed that steam treatment reduced the moisture content of the laminae without significantly affecting wood density. In addition, steam treatment increased surface roughness and decreased the contact angle, indicating improved wood wettability. Lamina grading using a nondestructive testing (NDT) method successfully classified the laminae according to their stiffness. Overall, glulam from red jabon exhibited superior bonding performance compared with that made from white jabon. However, despite enhancing surface wettability, steam treatment tended to reduce the adhesive bond quality of the glulam.