Analisis Filogenetik Feline coronavirus (FCoV) Isolat Indonesia Berdasarkan Gen Spike (S)

Abstract

Feline coronavirus (FCoV) tersebar global dengan variasi genetik tinggi pada gen Spike yang berperan penting dalam perlekatan dan masuknya virus ke sel inang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan karakterisasi molekuler terhadap isolat FCoV asal Indonesia berdasarkan analisis gen Spike. Penelitian menggunakan data sekunder sekuens nukleotida parsial gen S FCoV dari empat isolat asal Tangerang(FCOV/ID-TGR/U/2024, FCOV/ID-TGR/I1/2024, FCOV/ID-TGR/M/2024, FCOV/ID TGR/G2/2024) yang diperoleh dari Laboratorium Imunologi SKHB IPB. Data dianalisis melalui uji homologi dan analisis filogenetik. Hasil menunjukkan keempat isolat FCoV termasuk dalam genotipe 1 dan membentuk cabang tersendiri pada pohon filogenetik. Selain itu, teridentifikasi variasi genetik pada tingkat nukleotida dan asam amino di wilayah S1, termasuk mutasi pada site nukleotida ke727 yang menyebabkan perubahan residu asam amino pada protein Spike. Gen Spike dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai penanda molekuler yang informatif dalam penentuan genotipe serta evaluasi keragaman genetik FCoV isolat Indonesia.

Feline coronavirus (FCoV) is globally distributed and exhibits high genetic variability in the Spike (S) gene, which plays a crucial role in viral attachment and entry into host cells. This study aimed to molecularly characterize Indonesian FCoV isolates based on Spike gene analysis. Secondary data consisting of partial S gene nucleotide sequences from four Tangerang isolates (FCOV/ID-TGR/U/2024, FCOV/ID-TGR/I1/2024, FCOV/ID-TGR/M/2024, and FCOV/ID-TGR/G2/2024), obtained from the Immunology Laboratory SKHB IPB, were analyzed using homology and phylogenetic methods. The results showed that all four isolates belonged to genotype 1 and formed a distinct branch in the phylogenetic tree. Genetic variations were also identified at both nucleotide and amino acid levels within the S1 region, including a mutation at nucleotide position 727 that resulted in an amino acid substitution in the Spike protein. These findings indicate that the Spike gene can serve as an informative molecular marker for genotype determination and the evaluation of genetic diversity among Indonesian FCoV isolates.