Analisis Mikoriza pada Ekosistem Hutan Dipterocarpaceae dan Non-Dipterocarpaceae di Hutan Penelitian Dramaga Bogor

Abstract

Mikoriza berperan penting dalam meningkatkan penyerapan unsur hara dan mendukung pertumbuhan pada ekosistem hutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula (FMA), tingkat kolonisasi akar FMA dan Ektomikoriza (EcM), serta membandingkan distribusi mikoriza pada ekosistem hutan Non-Dipterocarpaceae dan hutan Dipterocarpaceae di Hutan Penelitian Dramaga. Sampel tanah dan akar diambil pada enam plot penelitian. Spora FMA diisolasi menggunakan metode penyaringan basah dan sentrifugasi gradien sukrosa, kolonisasi akar diamati secara mikroskopis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepadatan spora FMA pada hutan Non-Dipterocarpaceae (4,79 spora/g tanah) lebih tinggi dibandingkan hutan Dipterocarpaceae (0,81 spora/g tanah) dan berbeda tidak signifikan secara uji Perason. Sebanyak delapan genus FMA ditemukan pada hutan Non-Dipterocarpaceae dan tujuh genus pada hutan Dipterocarpaceae, dengan Glomus dan Acaulospora sebagai genus dominan. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman FMA lebih tinggi pada hutan Non-Dipterocarpaceae (H’ = 1,07) dibandingkan hutan Dipterocarpaceae (H’ = 0,96). Kolonisasi akar FMA pada hutan Non-Dipterocarpaceae mencapai 44,64% (tinggi), sedangkan pada hutan Dipterocarpaceae sebesar 17,87% (sedang). Kolonisasi EcM ditemukan dominan pada jenis-jenis Dipterocarpaceae. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan komposisi vegetasi memengaruhi struktur komunitas mikoriza. Hutan Non-Dipterocarpaceae lebih mendukung perkembangan FMA, sedangkan hutan Dipterocarpaceae didominasi oleh asosiasi EcM.

Mycorrhizae play an important role in increasing nutrient absorption and supporting growth in forest ecosystems. This study aims to analyze the diversity and abundance of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF), the level of root colonization of AMF and Ectomycorrhizae (EcM), and compare the distribution of mycorrhizae in Non-Dipterocarp and Dipterocarp forests in the Dramaga Research Forest. Soil and root samples were taken from six research plots. AMF spores were isolated using wet filtration and sucrose gradient centrifugation methods, and root colonization was observed microscopically. The results showed that the density of AMF spores in Non-Dipterocarp forests (4.79 spores/g soil) was higher than in Dipterocarp forests (0.81 spores/g soil) and was not significantly different as Person test. A total of eight AMF genera were found in Non-Dipterocarp forests and seven genera in Dipterocarp forests, with Glomus and Acaulospora as the dominant genera. The AMF diversity index value was higher in Non-Dipterocarp forests (H’ = 1.07) than in Dipterocarp forests (H’ = 0.96). AMF root colonization in Non-Dipterocarp forests reached 44.64% (high), while in Dipterocarp forests it was 17.87% (moderate). EcM colonization was found to be dominant in Dipterocarp species. The results showed that differences in vegetation composition influenced mycorrhizal community structure. Non-Dipterocarp forests were more supportive of AMF development, while Dipterocarp forests were dominated by EcM associations.