Sifat Kimia dan Proksimat Kulit dan Kayu Reaksi Mangium untuk Bahan Energi

Abstract

Kayu reaksi pada mangium (Acacia mangium Willd) diduga memiliki komposisi kimia dan sifat biomassa energi yang berbeda dibandingkan dengan bagian oposit. Namun, informasi ilmiah mengenai perbedaannya masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji komponen kimia, sifat proksimat, dan nilai kalor pada bagian kayu dan kulit mangium, khususnya pada bagian reaksi dan oposit, sebagai dasar penilaian potensinya sebagai biomassa energi. Sampel mangium diperoleh dari hutan rakyat di Kecamatan Sukamakmur, Kabupaten Bogor dan dianalisis melalui uji holoselulosa, a-selulosa, hemiselulosa, lignin Klason, lignin larut asam, kelarutan, uji proksimat, serta pengukuran nilai kalor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kulit memiliki kadar lignin, zat ekstraktif, abu, dan karbon terikat lebih tinggi dibandingkan kayu, sedangkan kayu memiliki kadar holoselulosa, aselulosa, dan zat terbang lebih tinggi. Perbedaan antara bagian reaksi dan oposit relatif kecil, namun bagian reaksi cenderung memiliki kadar holoselulosa, a-selulosa, lignin, dan zat terbang lebih tinggi, sedangkan bagian oposit memiliki kadar hemiselulosa, kadar air, karbon terikat, dan zat ekstraktif lebih besar. Nilai kalor tertinggi terdapat pada kulit oposit, sedangkan pada kayu terdapat pada kayu reaksi. Secara umum, kulit dan kayu mangium berpotensi sebagai bahan baku energi biomassa, dengan kulit oposit dan kayu reaksi menunjukkan nilai energi relatif lebih tinggi.

Reaction wood in mangium (Acacia mangium Willd) is presumed to have different chemical composition and energy biomass properties compared to the opposite wood. However, scientific information regarding these differences remains limited. This study aimed to examine the chemical components, proximate properties, and calorific value of mangium wood and bark, particularly in the reaction and opposite portions, as a basis for evaluating their potential as energy biomass. Samples were collected from a community forest in Sukamakmur District, Bogor Regency, and analyzed for holocellulose, a-cellulose, hemicellulose, Klason lignin, acid-soluble lignin, solubility, proximate properties, and calorific value. The results showed that bark contained higher lignin, extractives, ash, and fixed carbon contents than wood, whereas wood contained higher holocellulose, acellulose, and volatile matter contents. Differences between the reaction and opposite portions were relatively small; however, the reaction portion tended to have higher holocellulose, a-cellulose, lignin, and volatile matter contents, while the opposite portion had higher hemicellulose, moisture, fixed carbon, and extractive contents. The highest calorific value was observed in opposite bark, whereas reaction wood exhibited the highest calorific value among the wood samples. Overall, mangium wood and bark have potential as biomass feedstocks for energy production, with opposite bark and reaction wood showing relatively higher energy values.