EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK BUAH BINTARO (Cerbera manghas L.) MUDA DAN TUA TERHADAP MORTALITAS DAN AKTIVITAS MAKAN LARVA Crocidolomia pavonana

Abstract

Crocidolomia pavonana merupakan hama utama pada tanaman kubis yang menyebabkan kerusakan serius dan kehilangan hasil panen. Buah bintaro (Cerbera manghas) mengandung berbagai senyawa bioaktif yang berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai insektisida nabati ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi efektivitas ekstrak buah bintaro muda dan tua terhadap larva C. pavonana menggunakan metode celup daun dan topikal, serta menilai aktivitas penghambatan makan. Ekstrak buah bintaro diperoleh melalui metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut heksana. Penelitian terdiri atas uji pendahuluan dan uji lanjutan menggunakan beberapa konsentrasi. Ekstrak buah muda diformulasikan menggunakan aseton dan diklorometana, sedangkan ekstrak buah tua hanya menggunakan aseton. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak buah tua memiliki toksisitas lebih tinggi daripada ekstrak buah muda. Hasil uji pendahuluan menunjukkan ekstrak buah tua menghasilkan mortalitas tertinggi, yaitu 87,5% pada metode celup daun dan 90,0% pada metode topikal pada konsentrasi 8% pada 72 jam setelah perlakuan. Uji lanjutan menunjukkan nilai LC50 metode celup daun dan topikal berturut-turut sebesar 1,14 dan 1,33%. Penghambatan makan meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan konsentrasi uji, meskipun aktivitas antifeedant lemah. Tingginya mortalitas larva diduga berkaitan dengan adanya glikosida kardiak dalam buah bintaro tua. Ekstrak buah bintaro tua berpotensi sebagai insektisida nabati yang ramah lingkungan.

Crocidolomia pavonana is a major pest of cabbage, causing serious damage and significantly yield losses. Bintaro (Cerbera manghas) fruit contains various bioactive compounds with the potential to be developed as an environmentally friendly botanical insecticide. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of young and mature bintaro fruit extracts against C. pavonana larvae using leaf-dipping and topical application methods, as well as to assess feeding inhibition activity. Bintaro fruit extracts were obtained by maceration using hexane as a solvent. The study consisted of preliminary and advanced tests using several extract concentrations. Young fruit extract was formulated with acetone and dichloromethane to obtain a homogeneous solution, whereas mature fruit extract was formulated with acetone only. The results showed that mature fruit extract exhibited higher toxicity than young fruit extract. The preliminary test showed that mature bintaro fruit extract resulted in the highest mortality, reaching 87.5% in the leaf-dipping method and 90.0% in the topical application method at an 8% concentration at 72 hours after treatment. The advanced test showed LC50 values for the leaf-dipping and topical application methods were 1.14 and 1.33%, respectively. Feeding inhibition increased with increasing the extract concentration, although the antifeedant activity was categorized as weak. High larval mortality was thought to be associated with toxic cardiac glycosides present in mature bintaro fruit. Mature bintaro fruit extract has the potential to be developed as an environmentally friendly botanical insecticide.