Etnobotani dan Ketahanan Pangan Masyarakat Kasepuhan di Desa Citorek Barat, Kabupaten Lebak, Banten

Abstract

Masyarakat Kasepuhan di Desa Citorek Barat mengelola potensi keanekaragaman hayati melalui sistem pertanian tradisional dan pengetahuan lokal. Penelitian etnobotani bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengetahuan dan pemanfaatan spesies tumbuhan pangan, serta kearifan tradisional dalam mendukung ketahanan pangan lokal. Metode yang digunakan yaitu studi literatur, wawancara, observasi lapang, dan eksplorasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat memanfaatkan 26 varietas padi lokal (Oryza sativa) serta 76 spesies tumbuhan pangan yang didominasi famili Zingiberaceae (9,21%) dan habitus herba (42,11%). Kearifan tradisional dalam pengelolaan pangan ini diatur oleh pemimpin adat berdasarkan garis keturunan laki-laki beserta petugas kasepuhan (baris kolot) yang menetapkan sistem budidaya padi serentak satu siklus tanam per tahun, dengan hasil panen yang disimpan di dalam 1047 leuit yang tersebar di 9 kampung. Selain itu, masyarakat melestarikan tradisi Seren Taun sebagai ungkapan rasa syukur melalui ziarah masal (ngembang) dan hiburan warga. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa, masyarakat Desa Citorek Barat memiliki pengetahuan mendalam mengenai pemanfaatan spesies tumbuhan pangan dan tetap melestarikan kearifan tradisional dalam mendukung ketahanan pangan lokal.

The Kasepuhan community in Citorek Barat Village manages biodiversity potential through traditional agricultural systems and local knowledge. This ethnobotanical research aims to determine the knowledge, utilization of food plant species, and traditional wisdom in supporting local food security. The methods used include literature studies, interviews, field observations, and exploration. The results show that the community utilizes 26 local rice varieties (Oryza sativa) and 76 food plant species dominated by the Zingiberaceae family (9,21%) and herbaceous habit (42,11%). Traditional wisdom in food management is regulated by customary leaders based on male lineage along with kasepuhan officials (baris kolot), who establish a simultaneous rice cultivation system within one planting cycle per year, with the harvest stored in 1047 leuit (granaries) are scattered across 9 villages. In addition, the community preserves the Seren Taun tradition as an expression of gratitude through mass pilgrimage (ngembang) and community entertainment. This study concludes that the community of Citorek Barat Village possesses deep knowledge regarding the utilization of food plant species and consistently preserves traditional wisdom to support local food security.