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      Studi Keragaman Aksesi Sagu (Metroxylon spp.) Asal Kabupaten Seram Bagian Timur, Maluku Berdasarkan Karakter Morfologi, Produksi dan Molekuler

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      Pembayun, Putri
      Supijatno
      Ardie, Sintho Wahyuning
      Bintoro, Mochamad Hasjim
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      Abstract
      Sagu merupakan komoditas pangan strategis yang berpotensi mendukung diversifikasi pangan nasional sekaligus mengurangi ketergantungan terhadap beras. Kabupaten Seram Bagian Timur merupakan sentra sagu terluas di Provinsi Maluku dengan total areal sekitar 35.426 hektar, namun keragaman aksesnya belum terdokumentasi secara sistematis. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui keragaman aksesi sagu, mengevaluasi primer SCoT yang informatif, serta menganalisis keragaman genetik menggunakan marka molekuler SCoT. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober hingga Desember 2025 di tujuh kecamatan Kabupaten Seram Bagian Timur. Sebanyak 20 genotipe yang mewakili lima aksesi, yaitu Tuni, Ihur, Molat, Makanaru dan Duri Rotan, dikarakterisasi berdasarkan karakter morfologi, produksi dan molekuler. Karakterisasi morfologi meliputi pengamatan batang, daun dan warna, sedangkan karakterisasi produksi mencakup rendemen pati, kadar air dan produksi pati per pohon. Analisis molekuler dilakukan menggunakan tujuh primer SCoT (SCoT-6, 8, 11, 12, 23, 28 dan 29). Pengelompokan genotipe dilakukan menggunakan metode UPGMA berdasarkan matriks jarak Gower untuk morfologi dan koefisien DICE untuk molekuler. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan keragaman morfologi yang tinggi pada karakter tinggi batang (KK 25,11%), tebal kulit (KK 25,52%) dan produksi pati per pohon (KK 38,73%). Empat aksesi tergolong berduri (Tuni, Ihur, Makanaru, Duri Rotan) dan satu aksesi tidak berduri (Molat). Genotipe G17 (Duri Rotan/Bula Barat) memiliki produksi pati tertinggi sebesar 636,88 kg/pohon dengan rendemen 35,73% dan kadar air terendah 13,66%. Potensi produksi pati kering per hektar berkisar antara 7,09 hingga 15,27 ton/ha/tahun. Diameter dan lingkar batang berkorelasi positif nyata dengan produksi pati (r = 0,56*) sehingga dapat dijadikan indikator seleksi awal. Berdasarkan dendrogram morfologi, 20 genotipe terbagi menjadi dua kelompok utama pada koefisien kemiripan 58%, di mana pola pengelompokan tidak selalu mengikuti aksesi maupun lokasi asal. Seluruh tujuh primer SCoT terbukti informatif dengan nilai PIC berkisar 0,27–0,37 dan persentase polimorfisme 77,78–100%. Total 90 amplikon dihasilkan dengan 85 pita polimorfik (94,44%). Primer SCoT-12 merupakan primer paling informatif dengan nilai MI tertinggi (6,46), RP tertinggi (8,20) dan jumlah pita polimorfik terbanyak (19 pita). Berdasarkan dendrogram molekuler, 20 genotipe terbagi menjadi empat kelompok, di mana genotipe dari aksesi yang sama tidak selalu berada dalam satu klaster. Pola ini mengonfirmasi bahwa keragaman genetik sagu di Kabupaten Seram Bagian Timur sangat dipengaruhi oleh faktor lokasi dan lingkungan tumbuh, sehingga aksesi yang teridentifikasi memiliki potensi sebagai sumber daya genetik untuk program konservasi dan pemuliaan sagu.
       
      Sago is a strategic food commodity with the potential to support national food diversification while reducing dependence on rice. East Seram Regency is the largest sago production center in Maluku Province, with a total area of approximately 35,426 hectares. However, its access diversity has not been systematically documented. This study aimed to determine the diversity of sago accessions, evaluate informative SCoT primers, and analyze genetic diversity using SCoT molecular markers. The study was conducted from October to December 2025 in seven sub-districts of East Seram Regency. A total of 20 genotypes representing five accessions: Tuni, Ihur, Molat, Makanaru, and Duri Rotan, were characterized based on morphological, production, and molecular traits. Morphological characterization included observations of stems, leaves, and color, while production characterization included starch yield, water content, and starch production per tree. Molecular analysis was conducted using seven SCoT primers (SCoT-6, 8, 11, 12, 23, 28, and 29). Genotype grouping was performed using the UPGMA method based on the Gower distance matrix for morphology and the DICE coefficient for molecular analysis. The results showed high morphological diversity in stem height (KK 25.11%), bark thickness (KK 25.52%), and starch production per tree (KK 38.73%). Four accessions were thorny (Tuni, Ihur, Makanaru, Duri Rotan) and one accession was thornless (Molat). Genotype G17 (Duri Rotan/Bula Barat) had the highest starch production of 636.88 kg/tree with a yield of 35.73% and the lowest moisture content of 13.66%. Potential dry starch production per hectare ranged from 7.09 to 15.27 tons/ha/year. Stem diameter and circumference were significantly positively correlated with starch production (r = 0.56*), making them suitable as initial selection indicators. Based on the morphological dendrogram, the 20 genotypes were divided into two main groups with a similarity coefficient of 58%. The clustering pattern did not always correspond to the accession or the location of origin. All seven SCoT primers proved informative, with PIC values ranging from 0.27–0.37 and polymorphism percentages of 77.78 100%. A total of 90 amplicons were generated, with 85 polymorphic bands (94.44%). Primer SCoT-12 was the most informative, with the highest MI value (6.46), the highest RP (8.20), and the largest number of polymorphic bands (19). Based on the molecular dendrogram, the 20 genotypes were divided into 4 groups, with genotypes from the same accession not always clustering together. This pattern confirms that sago genetic diversity in East Seram Regency is strongly influenced by location and growing environment factors, the identified accessions have potential as genetic resources for sago conservation and breeding programs.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/174214
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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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