PEMETAAN DAN EVALUASI KESESUAIAN LAHAN UNTUK MENILAI ADAPTABILITAS PADI SAWAH DAN PADI GOGO DARI KELAS KEMIRINGAN LERENG

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan memetakan dan mengevaluasi kesesuaian lahan aktual dan potensial untuk padi sawah dan padi gogo pada lahan terasering di Dusun Pandan Arum, Kabupaten Sukabumi. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada September hingga Desember 2025 pada lahan seluas 201 ha menggunakan metode survei dan analisis spasial dengan ArcMap. Telah dihasilkan empat peta kesesuaian lahan skala 1:25.000. Pada kondisi aktual, padi sawah didominasi kelas sangat tidak sesuai (N) seluas 144,75 ha (71,96%). Setelah perbaikan, padi sawah meningkat menjadi kelas sesuai (S2) seluas 57,30 ha (28,49%) dan sesuai marginal (S3) seluas 91,43 ha (45,45%). Padi gogo menunjukkan hasil lebih baik dengan kelas sangat sesuai (S1) seluas 56,34 ha (28,01%) dan sesuai (S2) seluas 90,31 ha (44,90%) pada kondisi potensial. Produktivitas padi sawah menurun seiring peningkatan kemiringan lereng, dari 5,16 ton/ha (lereng 0-3%) menjadi 2,70 ton/ha (lereng 30-45%). Tindakan perbaikan meliputi pembuatan teras bangku sempurna pada lereng 8-30%, pengapuran, perbaikan irigasi, dan penambahan bahan organik. Pada lereng >30%, kedua komoditas tetap tidak sesuai dengan sisa lahan padi sawah 52,41 ha (26,05%) dan padi gogo 2,17 ha (1,08%).

This study aimed to map and evaluate the actual and potential land suitability for irrigated rice (Oryza sativa L.) and upland rice on terraced agricultural land in Pandan Arum Hamlet, Sukabumi Regency. The research was conducted from September to December 2025 on an area of 201 ha using field survey methods and spatial analysis with ArcMap. Four land suitability maps at a scale of 1:25,000 were produced. Under actual conditions, irrigated rice was predominantly classified as not suitable (N), covering 144.75 ha (71.96%) of the study area. After improvement measures were applied, the suitability of irrigated rice increased to moderately suitable (S2) over 57.30 ha (28.49%) and marginally suitable (S3) over 91.43 ha (45.45%). Upland rice showed better results, reaching highly suitable (S1) conditions on 56.34 ha (28.01%) and moderately suitable (S2) conditions on 90.31 ha (44.90%) under potential land suitability. Irrigated rice productivity declined with increasing slope gradient, decreasing from 5.16 t ha?¹ on slopes of 0–3% to 2.70 t ha?¹ on slopes of 30–45%. Recommended improvement measures included the construction of well-designed bench terraces on slopes of 8–30%, liming, irrigation improvement, and the application of organic matter. On slopes greater than 30%, both crops remained unsuitable, with unsuitable areas of 52.41 ha (26.05%) for irrigated rice and 2.17 ha (1.08%) for upland rice.