Penilaian TIngkat Keparahan Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan Di Desa Gambut Jaya Kabupaten Muaro Jambi

Abstract

Kebakaran hutan dan lahan di Indonesia menjadi masalah serius dan memiliki dampak besar bagi masyarakat terutama pada aspek ekonomi, kesehatan, dan ekologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai dan membandingkan tingkat keparahan kebakaran di Desa Gambut Jaya Kabupaten Muaro Jambi menggunakan metode fire severity dan analisis spasial, dan menganalisis kondisi vegetasi, sifat fisik dan kimia tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat keparahan kebakaran dari analisis spasial tergolong kategori sangat berat (high severity) dengan nilai >0,56 dan luasan terdampak sekitar ±178,48 ha. Sedangkan hasil fire severity di lapangan menunjukkan kategori sedang dengan skor 52,3 yang ditandai oleh kerusakan pada individu pohon, hilangnya lapisan bahan organik dengan kedalaman gambut terbakar 7,6 cm serta meningkatnya pH dan kation basa tanah. Perbedaan tingkat keparahan antara kedua metode dipengaruhi sensitivitas citra Sentinel 2 terhadap perubahan reflektansi vegetasi.

Forest and land fires in Indonesia are a serious problem and have major impacts on society, particularly in economic, health, and ecological aspects. This study aims to assess and compare the level of fire severity in Gambut Jaya Village, Muaro Jambi Regency, using fire severity and spatial analysis methods, as well as to analyze vegetation conditions and the physical and chemical properties of soil. The results showed that the fire severity level based on spatial analysis was classified as very severe or high severity, with a value of >0.56 and an affected area of approximately ±178.48 ha. Meanwhile, the field-based fire severity assessment indicated a moderate severity category, with a score of 52,3, characterized by damage to individual trees, the loss of the organic matter layer with a burned peat depth of 7.6 cm, and an increase in soil pH and base cations. The difference in fire severity levels between the two methods was influenced by the sensitivity of Sentinel-2 imagery to changes in vegetation reflectance