Perbandingan Sensitivitas Enam Antibiotik terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli dari Isolat Sekum Ayam melalui Uji Kirby-Bauer

Abstract

Peternakan ayam sering menghadapi penyakit infeksi bakteri, salah satunya Escherichia coli. Pengobatan infeksi bakteri Escherichia coli pada ayam umumnya menggunakan agen antibakteri berupa antibiotik. Penggunaan antibiotik yang intensif dapat memicu resistensi, yang mengurangi efektivitas terapi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi sensitivitas enam jenis antibiotik terhadap isolat E. coli dari 5 sampel sekum ayam menggunakan metode Kirby-Bauer. Sampel sekum diisolasi pada media MacConkey Agar (MCA) dan media selektif Nutrient Agar (NA), serta identifikasi pada media indole. Isolat bakteri E. coli ditanam pada media Mueller-Hinton Agar, diberi cakram antibiotik, dan diinkubasi. Zona hambat diukur setelah inkubasi untuk menilai efektivitas antibiotik. Hasil menunjukkan isolat E. coli memiliki resistensi tinggi terhadap ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, dan gentamicin, sementara chloramphenicol, tetracycline, dan sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim masih efektif terhadap sebagian isolat. Faktor penyebab resistensi meliputi penggunaan antibiotik, manajemen peternakan, dan kurangnya regulasi, pengawasan, dan edukasi peternak.

Chicken farms often face bacterial infections, one of which is Escherichia coli. Treatment of Escherichia coli bacterial infections in chickens generally uses antibacterial agents in the form of antibiotics. Intensive use of antibiotics can trigger resistance, which reduces the effectiveness of therapy. This study aims to evaluate the sensitivity of six types of antibiotics against E. coli isolates from 5 chicken cecum samples using the Kirby-Bauer method. Cecum samples were isolated on MacConkey Agar (MCA) media and selective Nutrient Agar (NA) media, as well as identification on indole media. E. coli bacterial isolates were grown on Mueller-Hinton agar media, treated with antibiotic discs, and incubated. The inhibition zone was measured of incubation to assess antibiotic effectiveness. The results showed that E. coli isolates exhibited high resistance to ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, and gentamicin, while chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim remained effective against some isolates. Factors contributing to resistance include antibiotic use, farm management, and a lack of regulation, supervision, and farmer education.