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      Connectedness Harga Cabai Merah di Pulau Sumatera

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      Prins, Muh. Fahmi Adriansyah
      Mulatsih, Sri
      Hasanah, Heni
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      Abstract
      Keterhubungan harga cabai merah di Pulau Sumatera menjadi isu penting dalam pengendalian inflasi pangan di Pulau Sumatera karena cabai merah merupakan salah satu komoditas dengan kontribusi dominan terhadap inflasi. Meskipun Pulau Sumatera merupakan sentra produksi cabai merah terbesar kedua di Indonesia, fluktuasi harga komoditas ini tetap tinggi hingga menimbulkan tekanan inflasi di berbagai daerah. Kondisi tersebut menunjukkan bahwa persoalan harga tidak hanya berkaitan dengan kapasitas produksi, tetapi juga dipengaruhi oleh keterhubungan antarpasar dan transmisi guncangan harga antarwilayah yang mendorong perubahan harga di satu daerah dapat memengaruhi daerah lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis connectedness perubahan harga cabai merah di Pulau Sumatera serta mengidentifikasi efek spillover yang terjadi dalam sistem pasar tersebut. Data yang digunakan berupa harga harian cabai merah pada 22 kabupaten/kota di Pulau Sumatera selama periode 1 Januari 2018 hingga 30 September 2025. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan Vector Autoregression (VAR) dan Spillover Diebold–Yilmaz. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pasar cabai merah di Pulau Sumatera memiliki tingkat keterhubungan harga yang relatif tinggi dengan nilai Total Connectedness Index sebesar 48,70%. Hal ini berarti hampir separuh variasi harga cabai merah antarwilayah dipengaruhi oleh spillover guncangan harga dari daerah lain. Keterhubungan tersebut bersifat dinamis, di mana tingkat connectedness cenderung meningkat pada periode gangguan pasokan, fenomena cuaca ekstrem, dan lonjakan permintaan musiman, serta melemah pada masa panen raya atau ketika terjadinya pembatasan mobilitas. Analisis spillover menunjukkan bahwa transmisi guncangan harga bersifat tidak simetris antarwilayah. Sebagian wilayah berfungsi sebagai net transmitter yang secara konsisten menyalurkan guncangan harga, sedangkan wilayah lain lebih dominan sebagai net receiver yang menyerap pengaruh dari luar. Pekanbaru tercatat sebagai transmitter utama dengan nilai net spillover tertinggi, diikuti oleh Sibolga, Padang, dan Medan. Guncangan harga yang terjadi pada wilayah-wilayah tersebut cenderung menyebar luas ke daerah lain, sehingga perubahan harga di daerah-daerah tersebut menentukan stabilitas harga regional. Implikasi penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan pengendalian harga cabai merah perlu disesuaikan dengan karakteristik guncangan yang terjadi. Pada guncangan permintaan, seperti Ramadan dan Idul Fitri, intervensi di Kota Kota Pekanbaru dan Kota Medan perlu diperkuat karena keduanya berperan menyebarkan guncangan ke wilayah lain. Sementara itu, pada guncangan penawaran, perhatian utama perlu difokuskan pada Kota Padang.Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa kebijakan stabilisasi harga harus dirancang secara spesifik sesuai sumber dan arah penyebaran guncangan harga.
       
      The connectedness of red chili prices in Sumatera Island has become an important issue in controlling food inflation because red chili is one of the commodities with a dominant contribution to inflation. Although Sumatera Island is the second-largest red chili production center in Indonesia, the price fluctuations of this commodity remain high and frequently create inflationary pressure in various regions. This condition indicates that price problems are not only related to production capacity, but are also influenced by intermarket connectedness and the transmission of price shocks across regions, causing price changes in one area to affect other areas. This study aims to analyze the connectedness of red chili price changes in Sumatera Island and to identify the spillover effects occurring within the market system. The data used consist of daily red chili prices from 22 regencies/cities in Sumatera Island during the period from January 1, 2018, to September 30, 2025. The analysis was conducted using the Vector Autoregression (VAR) approach and the Diebold–Yilmaz Spillover method. The results show that the red chili market in Sumatera Island has a relatively high level of price connectedness, with a Total Connectedness Index value of 48.70%. This means that nearly half of the variation in red chili prices across regions is influenced by spillover effects of price shocks from other areas. This connectedness is dynamic, where the level of connectedness tends to increase during periods of supply disruptions, extreme weather phenomena, and seasonal demand surges, and weakens during harvest seasons or when mobility restrictions occur. The spillover analysis shows that the transmission of price shocks is asymmetric across regions. Some areas function as net transmitters that consistently transmit price shocks, while other areas are more dominant as net receivers that absorb external influences. Pekanbaru was recorded as the main transmitter with the highest net spillover value, followed by Sibolga, Padang, and Medan. Price shocks occurring in these areas tend to spread widely to other regions, making price changes in these areas highly influential in determining regional price stability. The findings of this study imply that red chili price stabilization policies should be tailored to the characteristics of the shocks affecting each key market node. During demand-driven shocks, such as Ramadan and Eid al-Fitr, policy interventions in Pekanbaru and Medan should be strengthened, as these cities play a significant role in transmitting price shocks to other regions. In contrast, during supply-driven shocks, primary attention should be directed toward Padang, which serves as the main net transmitter. These findings highlight the importance of designing price stabilization policies according to both the source and transmission pattern of price shocks.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/173921
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      • MF - Economic and Management [3245]

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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Contact Us | Send Feedback
      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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      Universitas Jember Digital Repository