Dampak Penebangan Terhadap Keterbukaan Kanopi dan Intensitas Cahaya di Hutan Rakyat Pola Tanam Agroforestri di Kabupaten Wonosobo

Abstract

Penebangan hutan rakyat dengan pola tanam agroforestri berpotensi meningkatkan keterbukaan kanopi yang berdampak pada perubahan struktur tegakan dan kondisi lingkungan di bawah tegakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dampak penebangan terhadap keterbukaan kanopi dan intensitas cahaya di hutan rakyat dengan pola tanam agroforestri. Penelitian dilakukan di 23 lahan hutan rakyat yang ditebang di Kabupaten Wonosobo, Jawa Tengah. Hutan rakyat contoh dipilih secara purposive sampling. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah diameter tajuk, intensitas cahaya dan foto udara. Pengukuran diameter tajuk pohon dilakukan secara terestrial menggunakan pendekatan bentuk elips. Pengukuran intensitas cahaya menggunakan PAR meter (Photosynthetically Active Radiation), dan pengambilan foto udara menggunakan drone untuk interpretasi profil kanopi dengan bantuan sistem informasi geografis (GIS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa luas tajuk menurun dari 24.331,35 m² menjadi 18.294,84 m² dengan rata- rata keterbukaan kanopi sebesar 38,41%. Intensitas cahaya meningkat setelah penebangan, terutama pada tingkat pohon serta posisi tengah dan atas tanaman agroforestri, sedangkan pada posisi bawah tidak menunjukkan perubahan yang signifikan.

Logging activities in agroforestry based private forests have the potential to increase canopy openness, thereby affecting stand structure and the environmental conditions beneath the canopy. This study aimed to analyze the impact of logging on canopy openness and light intensity in agroforestry based private forests. The research was conducted in 23 logged private forest plots in Wonosobo Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. Sample plots were selected using purposive sampling. The data collected included canopy diameter, light intensity, and aerial photographs. Canopy diameter was measured terrestrially using an elliptical crown approach. Light intensity was measured using a Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) meter, while aerial photographs were captured using an unmanned aerial vehicle (drone) to interpret canopy profiles with the support of a Geographic Information System (GIS). The results showed that the total canopy area decreased from 24,331.35 m² to 18,294.84 m², resulting in an average canopy openness of 38.41%. Light intensity increased after logging, particularly at the tree level and at the middle and upper positions of agroforestry plants, whereas no significant change was observed at the lower position. These findings indicate that logging substantially alters canopy structure and light availability within agroforestry based private forests.