Waktu Kerja, Produktivitas, dan Biaya Pengangkutan Kayu Jarak Pendek Menggunakan Tenaga Manusia di Hutan Rakyat.

Abstract

Teknik pengangkutan kayu jarak pendek menggunakan tenaga manusia masih umum dilakukan di hutan rakyat, terutama di daerah dengan akses terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis waktu kerja, produktivitas, dan biaya pengangkutan kayu jarak pendek menggunakan tenaga manusia. Penelitian dilakukan di hutan rakyat Wonosobo, Jawa Tengah. Variasi teknik pengangkutan kayu yang diamati terdiri atas teknik panggul oleh 1 orang (P1) dan 2 orang (P2), serta teknik pikul oleh 3 orang (P3), 4 orang (P4), 5 orang (P5), 6 orang (P6), dan 8 orang (P7). Pengumpulan data waktu kerja dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode null-stop. Jumlah siklus yang diamati sebanyak 290 siklus kerja. Data dimensi kayu bulat, jarak angkut, kemiringan sarad dikumpulkan dan digunakan untuk menghitung produktivitas. Data komponen biaya diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan pekerja hutan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa waktu total teknik pengangkutan kayu jarak pendek menggunakan tenaga manusia berkisar antara 0,11–0,37 jam/siklus dan produktivitas sebesar 0,96–1,58 m³/jam. Waktu kerja efektif lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan waktu kerja tidak efektif. Variabel jarak, kemiringan, volume dan jumlah tenaga kerja merupakan faktor yang memengaruhi waktu kerja. Biaya pengangkutan kayu jarak pendek menggunakan tenaga manusia berkisar Rp6.316–Rp10.467/m³.

Short-distance wood extraction using human power is still commonly practiced in private forests, particularly in areas with limited access. This study aimed to analyze the working time, productivity, and costs of short-distance wood extraction using human power. The study was conducted in private forests in Wonosobo, Central Java. The extraction techniques observed consisted of carrying by one worker (P1) and two workers (P2), as well as pole-carrying by three workers (P3), four workers (P4), five workers (P5), six workers (P6), and eight workers (P7). Working time data were collected using the null-stop method. A total of 290 work cycles were observed. Data on log dimensions, skidding distance, and trail slope were collected and used to calculate productivity. Cost component data were obtained through interviews with forest workers. The results showed that the total working time of short-distance wood extraction using human power ranged from 0.11 to 0.37 h/cycle, with productivity ranging from 0.96 to 1.58 m³/h. Effective working time was more dominant than ineffective working time. Skidding distance, slope, timber volume, and the number of workers were factors affecting working time. The cost of short-distance wood extraction using human power ranged from IDR 6,316 to IDR 10,467/m³.