Tata Niaga, Sebaran Geografis Lokasi Transaksi dan Pendugaan Volume Perdagangan Ilegal Macan Dahan Sunda (Neofelis diardi, Cuvier 1823)

Abstract

Perdagangan ilegal macan dahan sunda (Neofelis diardi) merupakan salah satu ancaman terhadap kelestariannya di Indonesia. Fenomena ini diakibatkan oleh tingginya permintaan pasar serta belum efektifnya pengawasan terhadap perdagangan ilegal satwa liar. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis alur tata niaga, karakteristik dan peran pelaku, serta menduga volume dan nilai perdagangan ilegal macan dahan sunda di Indonesia periode 2015-2025. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif berdasarkan data dari Sistem Informasi Penelusuran Perkara, Direktori Putusan Mahkamah Agung, laporan instansi terkait, media sosial dan berita internet. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat empat jenis alur perdagangan dengan dominasi alur market space restricted, transaksi ditemukan di 46 kota dan kabupaten dari 15 provinsi. Sebanyak 87 pelaku ditemukan dengan peran dominan meliputi pemburu oportunis, perantara penjaja dan konsumen kolektor. Selama periode penelitian ditemukan 52 kasus dengan total 60 individu dan estimasi nilai ekonomi mencapai Rp430.460.000 atau rata-rata Rp7.175.000 per individu.

Illegal trade of the Sunda clouded leopard (Neofelis diardi) constitutes one of the major threats to the conservation of this species in Indonesia. This phenomenon is driven by high market demand and ineffective monitoring and enforcement of illegal wildlife trade. This study aimed to analyze trade chains, the characteristics and roles of actors involved, and to estimate the volume and economic value of illegal trade in Sunda clouded leopards in Indonesia during the 2015-2025 period. A descriptive method with quantitative and qualitative approaches was employed using data obtained from the Case Tracking Information System, the Supreme Court Decision Directory, reports from relevant institutions, social media, and online news sources. The results revealed four types of trade chains, with the market space restricted chain being the most dominant. Transactions were identified in 46 cities and regencies across 15 provinces. A total of 87 actors were identified and 52 illegal trade cases involving 60 individuals were recorded, with an estimated economic value of IDR 430,460,000, equivalent to an average of IDR 7,175,000 per individual.