Evaluasi Kualitas Air dan Kinerja Produksi Udang Vaname Penaeus vannamei di Tambak Udang Intensif

Abstract

Udang vaname Penaeus vannamei merupakan komoditas ekspor unggulan perikanan Indonesia yang keberhasilannya sangat ditentukan oleh manajemen kualitas air. Kegiatan magang ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis korelasi antara parameter kualitas air terhadap performa pertumbuhan udang vaname, mengetahui kualitas air yang utama dan pengelompokan hierarkinya serta mengevaluasi kelayakan usaha budidaya di PT. Pyramide Paramount Indonesia, Banten. Pengamatan dilakukan selama 65 hari pemeliharaan pada tiga petak budidaya (P1, P2, P3) dengan mengukur parameter fisika, kimia dan biologi air, serta parameter performa pertumbuhan meliputi Tingkat Kelangsungan Hidup (TKH), Laju Pertumbuhan Harian (LPH), dan Rasio Konversi Pakan (RKP). Analisis data menggunakan uji korelasi Pearson atau Spearman dan Analisis Komponen Utama. Hasil pengamatan menunjukan bahwa parameter kualitas air memiliki korelasi signifikan terhadap performa pertumbuhan dengan arah dan kekuatan yang bervariasi antar petak. Petak P3 mencatat nilai parameter performa pertumbuhan terbaik dan berkorelasi positif dengan parameter dominan biologi. Analisis komponen utama menghasilkan 4 komponen yang menjelaskan 78,4% ragam data, dimana dua komponen utama (PC1 dan PC2) berkaitan dengan proses nitrifikasi dan fotosintesis. Analisa usaha memberikan hasil bahwa petak P3 memiliki keuntungan tertinggi dengan nilai R/C ratio sebesar 1,34 dan payback period selama 6 tahun 10 bulan 10 hari

Pacific whiteleg shrimp Penaeus vannamei is one of Indonesia's leading aquaculture export commodities, and its success is largely determined by water quality management. This internship activity aims to analyze the correlation between water quality parameters and the growth performance of Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei), to determine the primary water quality parameters and their hierarchical grouping, as well as to evaluate the business feasibility of aquaculture at PT. Pyramide Paramount Indonesia, Banten. Observations were carried out over a 65-day rearing period across three cultivation ponds (P1, P2, P3), during which physical, chemical and biological water quality parameters were measured. Growth performance indicators included Survival Rate (SR), Daily Growth Rate (DGR), and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR). Data were analyzed using Pearson or Spearman correlation tests and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results showed that water quality parameters had a significant correlation with growth performance, with varying directions and strengths across the three ponds. Pond P3 recorded the best growth performance values and showed a positive correlation with dominant biological parameters. The Principal Component Analysis produced four components that explained 78.4% of the data variation, with the two main components (PC1 and PC2) associated with nitrification and photosynthesis processes. The business analysis revealed that Pond P3 generated the highest profit, with a Revenue-to-Cost (R/C) ratio of 1.34 and a payback period of 6 years, 10 months, and 10 days.