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      Ketahanan Kayu Gmelina arborea Roxb. Termodifikasi Asam Borat, Pemanasan, dan Minyak Nabati Dalam Uji Lapang Biodeteriorasi

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      Saputra, Ari
      Priadi, Trisna
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      Abstract
      Kayu gmelina (Gmelina arborea Roxb.) merupakan kayu cepat tumbuh yang berwarna terang dan dapat digunakan untuk furnitur, kayu lapis, lantai, dan konstruksi ringan, namun memiliki kelas awet rendah (IV-V) sehingga memerlukan pengawetan. BAE (Boric Acid Equivalent) efektif melindungi kayu dari organisme perusak, tetapi mudah tercuci pada penggunaan eksterior. Kombinasi BAE dan minyak nabati meningkatkan sifat hidrobobisitas dan ketahanan kayu. Penelitian ini menguji pengaruh kombinasi BAE, minyak nabati, dan pemanasan terhadap kayu gmelina dalam uji lapang biodeteriorasi. Kayu diimpregnasi dengan larutan BAE 5% dengan tekanan 7 kg cm-2 selama 3 jam dipanaskan pada suhu 60 ?, 150 ?, dan 180 ? selama 2 jam, kemudian diimpregnasi dengan minyak rami dan minyak jarak. Pengujian dilakukan melalui uji lapang menyentuh tanah dan tanpa menyentuh tanah sesuai standar ASTM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kombinasi tanpa BAE dengan minyak jarak pada suhu pemanasan 150 ? dan 180 ? meningkatkan ketahanan kayu pada uji lapang menyentuh tanah, yang ditunjukkan oleh nilai kehilangan berat lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan perlakuan BAE saja maupun kontrol. Pada uji lapang tanpa menyentuh tanah, perlakuan tanpa BAE dengan minyak jarak dan pemanasan pada suhu 60 ? menghasilkan kehilangan berat paling rendah. Kombinasi perlakuan BAE, minyak rami dan pemanasan pada suhu 150 ? menghasilkan kehilangan berat yang lebih rendah daripada perlakuan BAE saja. Kombinasi perlakuan BAE, minyak rami dan pemanasan pada suhu 60 ? menghasilkan perubahan kadar air yang paling rendah. Secara visual, kayu yang diberi perlakuan minyak nabati mengalami perubahan warna yang lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan perlakuan tanpa minyak. Secara umum, seluruh sampel cenderung menjadi lebih gelap selama pemaparan alami. Dengan demikian, perlakuan terbaik pada uji lapang menyentuh dan tanpa menyentuh tanah ialah perlakuan BAE dengan minyak rami pada pemanasan 60 ?.
       
      Gmelina wood (Gmelina arborea Roxb.) is a fast-growing, light-colored wood that is used for furniture and light construction but has low natural durability (class IV-V), requiring preservation. BAE (Boric Acid Equivalent) effectively protects wood against biodeterioration but is susceptible to leaching in exterior applications. The combination of BAE and vegetable oils enhances wood hydrophobicity and durability. This study evaluated the effects of BAE, vegetable oils, and heat treatment on gmelina wood in field biodeterioration tests. Wood was impregnated with 5% BAE with a pressure of 7 kg cm-2 for 3 hours, heated at 60 ?, 150 ?, and 180 ? for 2 hours, and re-impregnated with linseed or castor oils. Field tests were conducted under ground contact and above-ground conditions following ASTM standards. The results of the combination of BAE, castor oils, and heating at 150 ? and 180 ? improved wood durability in ground contact field tests, as indicated by lower weight loss values compared to treatments of BAE and the control. In the above-ground field test, the treatment without BAE combined with castor oil and heating at 60 ? resulted in the lowest weight loss. The combination of BAE treatment, linseed oil, and heating at 150 ? lower weight loss compared the BAE-only treatment, linseed oil, and heating at 60 ? resulted in the lowest changes in moisture content. Visually, wood treated with vegetable oils exhibited less color change during natural exposure. Overall, the combination of boric acid treatment, linseed oils, and heating at 60 ? was the most effective treatment in both ground contact and above ground field tests.
       
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/173752
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      • UF - Forestry Products [2492]

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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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