Serangan Hama dan Penyakit Penting Pada Tanaman Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) di PT Agra Masang Perkasa (AMP) Plantation, Kabupaten Agam, Sumatra Barat

Abstract

Indonesia merupakan sentra perkebunan kelapa sawit terbesar di dunia. Minyak kelapa sawit dapat diolah menjadi bahan baku industri dan produk olahan lainnya. Produksi kelapa sawit menurut Kementerian Pertanian dalam lima tahun terakhir (2020-2025) terus mengalami peningkatan signifikan, namun mulai terjadi serangan hama dan penyakit. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui jenis hama dan penyakit pada tanaman kelapa sawit di PT Agra Masang Perkasa (AMP) Plantation, Kabupaten Agam, Sumatra Barat. Pengamatan dilakukan pada tanaman kelapa sawit dengan memilih 2 kelompok umur, yaitu tanaman belum menghasilkan (TBM) umur 2 tahun dan tanaman menghasilkan (TM) umur 5 tahun, setiap kelompok umur terdapat 3 blok pengamatan berukuran masing-masing 1 ha, sehingga luas keseluruhan mencapai 6 ha. Pengamatan dilakukan untuk mengetahui luas dan intensitas serangan hama, insidensi dan keparahan penyakit. Data hasil pengamatan diinput dan diolah menggunakan aplikasi Microsoft Excel 2013 kemudian disajikan dalam bentuk tabel dan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan intensitas serangan hama kumbang tanduk Oryctes rhinoceros (38,33%), ulat api Setora nitens (53,33%), ulat kantung Metisa plana (35,41%), ulat bulu Dasychira mendosa (12,5%). Tingkat keparahan penyakit karat daun Cephaleuros virescens (64,59%), busuk pangkal batang Ganoderma boninense (39,58%), bercak daun Curvularia sp. (58,33%), dan embun jelaga Capnodium sp. (33,33%).

Indonesia is the largest oil palm plantation center in the world. Oil palm plants can be processed into industrial raw materials. The production target of oil palm plantation set by the Ministry of Agriculture during the last five years (2020–2025) has continued to increase significantly. This study aimed to identify the types of pests and diseases affecting oil palm plants at PT Agra Masang Perkasa (AMP) Plantation, Agam Regency, West Sumatra. Sampling was conducted through pest and disease identification to calculate the attack area, pest intensity, disease incidence, and disease severity on oil palm plants with criteria of 2 year old plants or immature plants (TBM) and 5 year old plants or mature/producing plants (TM). Observations were carried out on oil palm plants by selecting 2 plot areas categorized as TBM and TM, with each plot consisting of 3 observation subplots. The total observation area reached 6 ha. Data is tabulated and processed in the Microsoft Excel 2013 program and analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the intensity of pest species found were the O. rhinoceros rhinoceros beetle (38.33%), Setora nitens nettle caterpillar (53.33%), Metisa plana bagworm (35.41%), and Dasychira mendosa hairy caterpillar (12.5%). The severity levels of identified diseases were Cephaleuros virescens leaf rust (64.59%), Ganoderma boninense basal stem rot (39.58%), Curvularia sp. leaf spot (58.33%), and Capnodium sp. sooty mold (33.33%).