Pengaruh Konsentrasi Hormon Indole-3-butyric Acid (IBA) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Akar Pule Pandak (Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. Ex Kurz.) Secara In Vitro

Abstract

Penelitian dilatarbelakangi oleh pentingnya optimasi zat pengatur tumbuh dalam kultur jaringan untuk meningkatkan keberhasilan pertumbuhan eksplan pule pandak. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh konsentrasi Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) dan rasio auksin–sitokinin terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan eksplan secara in vitro. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap empat perlakuan M0 (IBA 0 mg/L), M1 (IBA 2 mg/L), M2 (IBA 4 mg/L), M3 (IBA 6 mg/L) dengan lima ulangan, masingmasing terdiri atas enam botol kultur. Parameter yang diamati meliputi tinggi eksplan, jumlah tunas, jumlah daun, berat basah dan kering, serta kondisi tunas, daun, akar dan kalus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan M2 dan M3 cenderung memberikan respons pertumbuhan terbaik, ditandai dengan peningkatan jumlah dan kualitas tunas serta daun, serta biomassa yang lebih tinggi, sedangkan M0 dan M1 menunjukkan kecenderungan penurunan kualitas jaringan. Namun demikian, pada seluruh perlakuan belum terjadi pembentukan akar, yang diduga berkaitan dengan keseimbangan hormon yang belum optimal untuk induksi perakaran. Dengan demikian, kombinasi IBA dan rasio auksin–sitokinin pada perlakuan M2 dan M3 merupakan kondisi yang lebih optimal dalam mendukung pertumbuhan eksplan pule pandak secara in vitro, meskipun belum mampu menginduksi pembentukan akar in vitro.

This study was motivated by the importance of optimizing plant growth regulators in tissue culture to improve the growth performance of pule pandak explants. The objective of this research was to analyze the effects of different concentrations of Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and auxin–cytokinin ratios on the growth and development of explants cultured in vitro. The experiment employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of four treatments: M0 (0 mg/L IBA), M1 (2 mg/L IBA), M2 (4 mg/L IBA), and M3 (6 mg/L IBA), with five replications, each consisting of six culture bottles. The observed parameters included explant height, number of shoots, number of leaves, fresh and dry weight, as well as the condition of shoots, leaves, roots, and callus. The results showed that treatments M2 and M3 tended to produce the best growth responses, as indicated by a higher number and better quality of shoots and leaves, along with greater biomass accumulation. In contrast, treatments M0 and M1 showed a tendency toward declining tissue quality. However, root formation was not observed in any treatment, suggesting that the hormonal balance was not yet optimal for root induction. Therefore, the combination of IBA concentration and auxincytokinin ratio in treatments M2 and M3 was considered more favorable for supporting the in vitro growth of pule pandak explants, although it was still insufficient to induce root formation.