Pendugaan Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca Akibat Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan di Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara, Provinsi Kalimantan Timur

Abstract

Peningkatan suhu global disebabkan oleh meningkatnya konsentrasi gas rumah kaca (GRK) seperti CO2, CH4, N2O dan gas lainnya di atmosfer. Kenaikan emisi GRK mendorong perubahan iklim, salah satunya akibat kebakaran hutan dan lahan. Kebakaran hutan terjadi setiap tahun di Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis sebaran hotspot, luas area terbakar dan menduga nilai emisi GRK yang dihasilkan akibat peristiwa tersebut di Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara. Estimasi luas area terbakar diukur menggunakan indeks Normalized Burn Ratio yang diolah melalui Citra Sentinel-2 pada Google Earth Engine. Pendugaan emisi GRK dihitung dari kehilangan massa gambut dan biomassa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan selama periode 2019–2024 terdeteksi 523 hotspot selang kepercayaan tinggi dengan area terbakar seluas 62.733,62 ha. Kebakaran hutan lebih banyak menghanguskan lahan mineral (52.911,28 ha) dibandingkan lahan gambut (9.822,34 ha). Sebesar 21,66 Mt CO2e emisi dihasilkan akibat kebakaran hutan dan lahan pada periode tersebut. Kebakaran gambut berkontribusi sebesar 48,59% terhadap total emisi yang dihasilkan. Variasi emisi tahunan mencerminkan interaksi antara kejadian kebakaran, karakteristik tutupan lahan, dan aktivitas manusia dalam penggunaan lahan.

Global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as CO2, CH4, N2O, and other gases in the atmosphere. This increase in GHG emissions is driving climate change, one of the causes being forest and land fires. Forest fires occur annually in Kutai Kartanegara Regency. This study aims to analyze the distribution of hotspots, burnt area and GHG emissions resulting from forest and land fires in Kutai Kartanegara Regency. Burnt area was estimated using Normalized Burn Ratio index processed from Sentinel-2 imagery using Google Earth Engine. GHG emissions were estimated based on mass of peat and biomass lost. The results of the study indicate that during the 2019–2024 523 high confidence hotspot were detected, with burned area of 62,733.62 ha. Forest fires burned a larger mineral land (52,911.28 ha) than peatland (9,822,34 ha). A total of 21.66 Mt CO2e emissions were released due to forest and land fires during that period. However, peatland fires contributed 48.59% of the total emissions. Annual emission reflects interactions among fire, land cover and use.