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      Analisis Respon Biogeofisik Akibat Perubahan Local Climate Zone (LCZ) di Bekasi Tahun 2000, 2015 dan 2023

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      Firdaus, Najmi
      June, Tania
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      Abstract
      Bekasi sebagai kawasan penyangga Jakarta mengalami transformasi lanskap yang sangat masif selama periode 2000, 2015 dan 2023, sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis respon biogeofisik berupa Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Land Surface Temperature (LST), albedo permukaan, dan Urban Thermal Field Variance Index (UTFVI) terhadap perubahan Local Climate Zone (LCZ) menggunakan pendekatan WUDAPT Level 0 dengan algoritma Random Forest pada citra Landsat 5 TM dan Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS yang divalidasi dengan nilai kappa accuracy di atas 0,81. Ekspansi kawasan terbangun dari 16,1% menjadi 61,4% membawa dampak penurunan rata-rata NDVI sebesar 66,56%, peningkatan LST rata-rata dari 34,02°C menjadi 39,57°C, lonjakan albedo dari 0,1265 menjadi 0,3188, serta meluasnya kondisi UHI ekstrem yang tercermin dari nilai rata-rata UTFVI yang melampaui ambang batas 0,020 di seluruh sektor terbangun. Analisis per tipe LCZ menunjukkan diferensiasi termal yang sangat nyata, dimana LCZ 10 (Heavy Industry) mencatat LST tertinggi sebesar 43,1°C dan UTFVI tertinggi sebesar 0,062 pada tahun 2023, berbanding terbalik dengan LCZ G (Water) yang mempertahankan fungsi pendinginan terkuat dengan selisih suhu permukaan mencapai 12,6°C terhadap zona industri dalam satu wilayah administratif yang sama. Meskipun zona sisa vegetatif seperti LCZ A dan LCZ G terus mengalami penyusutan spasial, keduanya terbukti menjadi instrumen pendinginan alami paling strategis sehingga perlindungan ketat terhadap kedua zona tersebut, dikombinasikan dengan penerapan green roof, green wall dan sabuk hijau wajib di kawasan industri, menjadi rekomendasi mitigasi berbasis tipe LCZ yang paling mendesak untuk mewujudkan tata ruang berkelanjutan di Bekasi.
       
      Bekasi, as a buffer zone of Jakarta, underwent massive landscape transformation throughout 2000–2023, prompting this study to analyze biogeophysical responses namely the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Land Surface Temperature (LST), surface albedo, and Urban Thermal Field Variance Index (UTFVI) resulting from Local Climate Zone (LCZ) changes, using the WUDAPT Level 0 approach with a Random Forest algorithm applied to Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS imagery, validated at a kappa accuracy exceeding 0.81. Built-up area expansion from 16.1% to 61.4% drove a 66.56% decline in mean NDVI, a consistent LST rise from 34.02°C to 39.57°C, an albedo increase from 0.1265 to 0.3188, and widespread extreme Urban Heat Island (UHI) conditions reflected by mean UTFVI values surpassing the 0.020 threshold across all urbanized sectors. Per-LCZ analysis revealed stark thermal differentiation, where LCZ 10 (Heavy Industry) recorded the highest LST of 43.1°C and the highest UTFVI of 0.062 in 2023, in sharp contrast to LCZ G (Water), which maintained the strongest cooling function with a surface temperature differential of up to 12.6°C against industrial zones within the same administrative boundary. Although residual vegetated zones such as LCZ A (Dense Trees) and LCZ G (Water) continued to shrink spatially, both proved to be the most strategically irreplaceable natural cooling instruments; therefore, their strict preservation combined with mandatory green roofs, green walls, and industrial greenbelts constitutes the most urgent LCZ-based mitigation recommendation for achieving sustainable spatial planning in Bekasi.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/173514
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