Valuasi Ekonomi Binturong (Arctictis binturong, Raffles 1821)

Abstract

Binturong (Arctictis binturong) merupakan satwa liar dilindungi yang berperan penting secara ekologis. Namun, populasinya semakin menurun akibat tingginya perburuan dan perdagangan ilegal. Penegakan hukum kejahatan binturong masih belum efektif karena tidak adanya metode baku penentuan nilai ekonomi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menduga nilai ekonomi binturong melalui pendekatan harga pasar, valuasi kontingensi, dan biaya pemeliharaan. Data harga pasar diperoleh melalui penelusuran online dan studi literatur, data willingness to pay (WTP) dikumpulkan dari pengunjung melalui kuesioner, sedangkan data biaya pemeliharaan didapatkan melalui wawancara dengan pengelola lembaga konservasi. Hasil menunjukkan nilai ekonomi binturong sebesar Rp9.341.826/ekor (harga pasar), Rp9.110.000/ekor (valuasi kontingensi), dan Rp14.848.951/ekor (biaya pemeliharaan). Pendekatan harga pasar memiliki keunggulan dari aspek efektivitas, kesederhanaan, dan efisiensi. Namun, ditinjau berdasarkan nilai ekonomi yang dihasilkan, pendekatan biaya pemeliharaan lebih tepat digunakan untuk menduga nilai ekonomi binturong karena mencerminkan biaya aktual dalam kegiatan pemeliharaan dan pengelolaan.

The binturong (Arctictis binturong) is a protected wild animal that plays an important ecological role. However, its population continues to decline due to high levels of poaching and illegal trade. Law enforcement against binturong-related wildlife crimes remains ineffective due to the absence of a standardized method for determining their economic value. This study aimed to estimate the economic value of binturongs using market price, contingent valuation, and husbandry cost approaches. Market price data were obtained through online searches and literature review, willingness to pay (WTP) data were collected from visitors through questionnaires, while husbandry cost data were gathered through interviews with conservation institution managers. The results showed that the economic value of binturongs was IDR 9,341,826/ind (market price), IDR 9,110,000/ind (contingent valuation), and IDR 14,848,951/ind (husbandry costs). The market price approach has advantages in terms of effectiveness, simplicity, and efficiency. Nevertheless, based on the economic values generated, the husbandry cost approach was more appropriate for estimating the economic value of binturongs because it reflects the actual costs incurred in husbandry and management activities.