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      Proyeksi Produktivitas Kelapa Sawit di Sumatra Utara Menggunakan Skenario Perubahan Iklim CMIP6

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      Sitanggang, Rianta Faustina
      June, Tania
      Pradiko, iput
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      Abstract
      Produktivitas kelapa sawit di Sumatra Utara semakin terancam oleh perubahan iklim, namun proyeksi kuantitatif yang menghubungkan variabel iklim dengan produktivitas kelapa sawit di masa depan masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh variabel iklim terhadap produktivitas kelapa sawit dan memproyeksikan perubahannya pada skenario emisi SSP2–4.5 dan SSP5–8.5 menggunakan keluaran model iklim MIROC6 yang dikoreksi dengan metode Delta, dan regresi linear berganda dengan lag dua tahun. Model persamaan suhu udara, radiasi matahari, dan neraca air terbukti memengaruhi produktivitas secara signifikan (Adjusted R² = 0,539, p = 0,0001). Rata-rata produktivitas diproyeksikan meningkat dari 3,416 ton/ha (historis) menjadi 3,745 ton/ha pada SSP2–4.5 dan 3,858 ton/ha pada SSP5–8.5 (2025–2054). Proyeksi yang diperpanjang hingga 2100 dengan ambang batas biologis suhu 28°C menunjukkan tren produktivitas berbalik menurun setelah tahun 2079, dengan rata-rata sebesar 3,06 ton/ha (2079–2100), lebih rendah dari rata-rata proyeksi periode 2025–2054, seiring dengan suhu yang diproyeksikan mencapai 28,53°C pada tahun 2100. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa meskipun pemanasan jangka pendek berdampak positif, akumulasi tahun-tahun dengan stres panas dalam jangka panjang meningkatkan risiko keberlanjutan perkebunan kelapa sawit, sehingga diperlukan strategi adaptasi Pertanian Cerdas Iklim yang mencakup penggunaan varietas adaptif, pengelolaan air, kesesuaian lahan, dan praktik perkebunan yang berkelanjutan.
       
      Oil palm productivity in North Sumatra is increasingly threatened by climate change, yet quantitative projections linking climate variables to future oil palm productivity remain limited. This study analyzes the influence of climate variables on oil palm productivity and projects future changes under SSP2–4.5 and SSP5–8.5 emission scenarios using MIROC6 climate model outputs corrected via the Delta method and multiple linear regression with a 2-year time lag. Results demonstrate that temperature, solar radiation, and water balance model significantly influence productivity (Adjusted R² = 0.539, p = 0.0001). Average productivity is projected to increase from 3.416 ton/ha (historical) to 3.745 ton/ha under SSP2–4.5 and 3.858 ton/ha under SSP5–8.5 (2025–2054). Extended projections to 2100 with a biological threshold of 28°C reveal a productivity reversal after 2079, with average declining to 3.06 ton/ha (2079–2100), as temperature is projected to reach 28.53°C by 2100. These findings indicate that while short-term warming initially benefits productivity, long-term accumulation of heat stress years poses a significant sustainability risk. Consequently, adaptation strategies such as Climate Smart Agriculture, including climate-adapted varieties, enhanced water management, land suitability assessments, and sustainable plantation practices are essential for maintaining oil palm productivity in North Sumatra.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/173423
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      • UT - Geophysics and Meteorology [1744]

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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Contact Us | Send Feedback
      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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