Efektivitas Pupuk Hayati Provibio terhadap Produktivitas Padi IF20 dengan Variasi Penjadwalan Pemupukan dan Komposisi Hara

Abstract

Peningkatan produktivitas padi perlu diimbangi dengan upaya menjaga kesuburan tanah melalui efisiensi pemupukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji efektivitas pupuk hayati Provibio yang dikombinasikan dengan pupuk NPK pada berbagai dosis dan penjadwalan aplikasi fase generatif terhadap sifat biologi, kimia, biokimia tanah, serta pertumbuhan dan produktivitas padi varietas IF20. Penelitian dilaksanakan selama delapan bulan di lahan sawah ICBB Situgede, Bogor dan analisis laboratorium di Biotech Center, IPB University. Penelitian lapang menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan enam perlakuan dan tiga ulangan, parameter yang diamati meliputi pertumbuhan vegetatif dan generatif, hasil produksi (GKP dan GKG), populasi mikrob tanah, karakteristik kimia tanah, serta aktivitas enzim tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan kombinasi Provibio dengan pupuk kimia 50% mampu menghasilkan produktivitas yang mendekati pupuk kimia penuh. Perlakuan berbasis Provibio juga meningkatkan populasi mikroorganisme tanah, aktivitas enzim (terutama lakase dan invertase), serta memperbaiki beberapa sifat kimia tanah seperti N-total dan P-tersedia. Aplikasi Provibio berpotensi meningkatkan efisiensi pemupukan dan mendukung sistem budidaya padi yang lebih berkelanjutan melalui pengurangan pupuk kimia hingga 50% tanpa menurunkan hasil secara signifikan pada varietas padi IF20.

Improving rice productivity needs to be balanced with efforts to maintain soil fertility through efficient fertilization. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the biofertilizer Provibio combined with NPK fertilizer at various doses and application schedules during the generative phase on soil biological, chemical, and biochemical properties, as well as the growth and productivity of IF20 rice variety. The research was conducted over eight months in rice fields at ICBB Situgede, Bogor, with laboratory analyses carried out at the Biotech Center, IPB University. The field experiment used a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with six treatments and three replications. The observed parameters included vegetative and generative growth, yield production (GKP and GKG), soil microbial population, soil chemical characteristics, and soil enzyme activity. The results showed that the combination treatment of Provibio with 50% chemical fertilizer was able to produce productivity close to that of full chemical fertilization. Treatments based on Provibio also increased soil microbial populations, enzyme activities (especially laccase and invertase), and improved several soil chemical properties such as total nitrogen and available phosphorus. The application of Provibio has the potential to improve fertilization efficiency and support more sustainable rice cultivation systems by reducing chemical fertilizer use by up to 50% without significantly decreasing yield in the IF20 rice variety.