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      Eksplorasi dan Karakterisasi Aktinomiset Asal Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia) sebagai Agens Hayati Colletotrichum spp. Pada Tanaman Cabai

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      ROHMAH, DEWI ZULFA NUR
      Giyanto
      Sugiana, Fenny Aulia
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      Abstract
      Antraknosa yang disebabkan oleh Colletotrichum spp. merupakan penyakit utama pada cabai yang dapat menyebabkan kehilangan hasil hingga 90%. Pengendalian yang umum dilakukan masih bergantung pada fungisida sintetis, yang berpotensi menimbulkan resistensi patogen serta meninggalkan residu berbahaya. Sebagai alternatif, aktinomiset—bakteri Gram-positif penghasil senyawa bioaktif anticendawan—memiliki potensi sebagai agen pengendali hayati. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi dan mengkarakterisasi aktinomiset dari bawang dayak yang berpotensi menghambat Colletotrichum spp.. Tahapan penelitian meliputi isolasi mikroba, uji keamanan hayati, karakterisasi morfologi dan fisiologi, uji aktivitas anticendawan secara in vitro dan aktivitas kitinolitik, seleksi isolat unggul menggunakan AHP, identifikasi molekuler, pengujian ekstrak kasar dan analisis senyawa menggunakan LC-MS/MS. Sebanyak 63 isolat diperoleh, dengan daya hambat tertinggi mencapai 88% secara in vitro, 29,7% melalui aktivitas VOC dan 68,7% penghambatan uji filtrat aktinomiset. Isolat U10G2 menunjukkan potensi terbaik dengan skor AHP 0,335, lebih tinggi dari rata-rata yaitu 0,263. Pengujian ekstrak kasar U10G2 yang diekstraksi dengan pelarut etil asetat belum mencapai IC50. Analisis regresi menunjukkan nilai IC50 pada konsentrasi 8,22% (v/v). Isolat U10G2 teridentifikasi sebagai Streptomyces ardesiacus dengan homologi 98,10% menghasilkan metabolit sekunder seperti L-(+)-valine, DL-fenilalanin, Gandicin W, serta phthalic acid yang berperan sebagai anticendawan.
       
      Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum spp., is a major disease in chili that can result in yield losses up to 90%. Current control strategies rely heavily on synthetic fungicides, which may induce pathogen resistance and leave harmful residues. As an alternative, actinomycetes, Gram-positive bacteria known for producing antifungal bioactive compounds, offer promising potential as biological control agents. This study aimed to explore and characterize actinomycetes isolated from dayak onion for their antifungal activity against Colletotrichum spp.. The research involved isolation of actinomycetes and Colletotrichum spp., biosafety assay, morphological and physiological characterization, in vitro antifungal and chitinolytic assays, selection of superior isolates using AHP, molecular identification, crude extracts in vitro assays and LC-MS/MS analysis. A total of 63 isolates were obtained, with the highest inhibition reaching 88% in vitro, 29,7% inhibition of VOC activity and 68,7% inhibition in filtrate assays. Isolate U10G2 demonstrated the highest potential (AHP score 0.335), exceeding the average score (0.199). Isolate U10G2 that extracted using ethyl acetate had not reached IC50 in in vitro assays, regression analysis estimated IC50 at 8.22% (v/v). U10G2 isolated were identified as Streptomyces ardesiacus with 98.10% homology, producing metabolites such as L-(+)-valine, DL-phenylalanine, Gancidin W, and phthalic acid, which are associated with antifungal activity.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/173382
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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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