KERAGAMAN DAN STRUKTUR GENETIK Aquilaria hirta Ridl. DI KEPULAUAN RIAU BERDASARKAN PENANDA DNA KLOROPLAS trnL-trnF dan psbA-trnH

Abstract

Aquilaria hirta merupakan pohon penghasil gaharu bernilai ekonomi tinggi yang populasinya menurun akibat eksploitasi di habitat alaminya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis keragaman genetik, struktur populasi, dan hubungan kekerabatan A. hirta dari Pulau Batam dan Pulau Natuna di Kepulauan Riau. Sebanyak 28 sampel daun dikoleksi dan DNA diekstraksi menggunakan CTAB Kit. Penanda DNA kloroplas, trnL-trnF dan psbA-trnH, diamplifikasi melalui PCR, kemudian disekuensing dan dianalisis untuk menentukan keragaman genetik, haplotipe, serta struktur genetik. Hasil menunjukkan keragaman genetik A. hirta rendah (Hd: 0,264 dan 0,143; p: 0,00027 dan 0,14286 di Batam; Hd = 0; p = 0 di Natuna). Populasi Natuna memiliki 2 haplotipe, sedangkan Batam memiliki 1 haplotipe. Analisis AMOVA menunjukkan variasi genetik dominan antarpopulasi, dan uji t tidak menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan. Analisis filogenetik menunjukkan seluruh sampel berada dalam satu clade. Temuan ini mencerminkan isolasi geografis dan menjadi dasar konservasi in situ, ex situ, serta pengembangan budidaya berkelanjutan.

Aquilaria hirta is a tree that produces high-value agarwood, and its population is declining due to exploitation in its natural habitat. This study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity, population structure, and relationships of A. hirta from Batam Island and Natuna Island in the Riau Islands. A total of 28 leaf samples were collected, and DNA was extracted using the CTAB Kit. Chloroplast DNA markers, trnL-trnF and psbA-trnH, were amplified through PCR, then sequenced and analyzed to determine genetic diversity, haplotypes, and the structure of genetic. The results showed low genetic diversity in A. hirta (Hd: 0.264 and 0.143; p: 0.00027 and 0.14286 in Batam; Hd = 0; p = 0 in Natuna). The Natuna population had 2 haplotypes, while Batam had 1 haplotype. AMOVA analysis indicated that genetic variation was dominant among populations, and the t-test did not show significant differences. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all samples were in a single clade. These findings reflect geographical isolation and serve as the basis for in situ and ex situ conservation, as well as the development of sustainable cultivation.