Sifat Fisis dan Mekanis Bambu Tamiang Hasil Perendaman menggunakan Asam Sitrat dan Asam Tartarat

Abstract

Bambu tamiang (Schizostachyum sp.) berpotensi sebagai bahan baku sedotan ramah lingkungan, namun tingkat kecerahan warna serta perubahan sifat fisis dan mekanisnya masih menjadi kendala. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh jenis asam organik, yaitu asam sitrat 10% (C1) dan 20% (C2), serta asam tartarat 10% (T1) dan 20% (T2), dengan metode perendaman panas-dingin selama 3 jam (P3) dan 5 jam (P5), perendaman dingin selama 3 jam (D3) dan 5 jam (D5) terhadap kecerahan warna, sifat fisis, dan mekanis bambu tamiang. Sebanyak 96 sampel diuji meliputi kecerahan dan perubahan warna, weigh loss (WL), retensi, daya serap air (DSA), efisiensi anti pengembangan (ASE), modulus elastisitas (MOE), modulus patah (MOR), dan kuat tekan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa perendaman asam sitrat 10% selama 3 jam menghasilkan kecerahan tertinggi (54,37) dan perubahan warna tertinggi (24,33). Perlakuan P3T2 menghasilkan retensi tertinggi (13,07 kg/m³) dan WL terendah (1,21%), serta D5T2 dengan ASE tertinggi (63,53%) dan DSA terendah (43,46%). Nilai MOE dan MOR terbaik masing-masing diperoleh pada perlakuan P3T2 sebesar 2618,73 MPa dan P3T1 sebesar 45,82 MPa. Nilai kuat tekan tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan D3C1 (51,26 MPa).

Tamiang bamboo (Schizostachyum sp.) has potential as an environmentally friendly raw material for drinking straws; however, its low brightness level and changes in physical and mechanical properties remain major challenges. This study aims to analyze the effects of organic acid types, including 10% citric acid (C1), 20% citric acid (C2), 10% tartaric acid (T1), and 20% tartaric acid (T2), combined with hot–cold soaking for 3 h (P3) and 5 h (P5), and cold soaking for 3 h (D3) and 5 h (D5), on the color brightness, physical, and mechanical properties of tamiang bamboo. A total of 96 samples were tested for brightness and color change, weight loss (WL), retention, water absorption (WA), anti-swelling efficiency (ASE), modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), and compressive strength. The results showed that soaking in 10% citric acid for 3 h produced the highest brightness (54,37) and color change (24,33). Treatment P3T2 resulted in the highest retention (13,07 kg/m³) and the lowest WL (1,21%), while treatment D5T2 showed the highest ASE (63,53%) and the lowest WA (43,46%). The highest MOE and MOR values were obtained under treatments P3T2 (2618,73 MPa) and P3T1 (45,82 MPa), respectively. The highest compressive strength was obtained under treatment D3C1 (51,26 MPa).