Strategi Pengembangan Minawisata Berkelanjutan di Kawasan Konservasi Perairan Gili Matra Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat

Abstract

Kawasan Konservasi Perairan Gili Matra memiliki fungsi ganda, sebagai kawasan konservasi ekosistem, tapi tertekan dari keberlanjutan ekologis dan sosial akibat meningkatnya wisata. Estimasi nilai ekonomi ekowisata KKP Gili Matra dihitung dengan Metode TCM. Analisis berkelanjutan mencakup lima dimensi ekologi, ekonomi, sosial, kelembagaan, dan infrastruktur menggunakan metode MDS RAPFISH, Estimasi nilai ekonomi ekowisata lebih dari Rp 4,3 triliun (USD 270,55 juta) per tahun. Tingkat keberlanjutan menunjukkan bahwa aspek kelembagaan (63,83), infrastruktur (58,32), dan ekonomi (56,53) cukup berkelanjutan, sedangkan aspek ekologis (44,91) dan sosial (45,26) kurang berkelanjutan. Strategi pengembangan ekowisata berkelanjutan di kawasan Gili Matra perlu diarahkan pada penguatan aspek ekologis dan sosial melalui peningkatan pengelolaan lingkungan, pengendalian aktivitas wisata berdasarkan daya dukung kawasan, peningkatan partisipasi masyarakat lokal, serta penguatan kelembagaan pengelolaan kawasan konservasi.

Gili Matra Marine Conservation Area has dual functions, as a center for marine ecosystem conservation as well as a ecotourism destination. Although ecotourism contributes significantly to the economy of local communities, the area faces challenges in maintaining ecological and social sustainability due to increased tourism activities. This study evaluates the economic value of ecotourism in the Gili Matra Island Conservation Area using the Travel Cost Method (TCM) to formulate a sustainable ecotourism development strategy by considering five main aspects; ecology, economy, social, institutions and infrastructure. The status of sustainability was conducted using the Multi Dimensional Scaling (MDS) method modified from RAPFISH, Leverage analysis and Monte Carlo. The economic valuation analysis show that estimated total economic contribution of the region reaching more than Rp 4.33 trillion per year. The results sustainability level for the study area indicated that the institutional (63.83), infrastructure (58.32) and economic (56.53) aspects were moderately sustainable, while the ecological (44.91) and social (45.26) aspects were less sustainable. The findings confirm the need for integrative policies that emphasize strengthening ecological and social aspects, accompanied by infrastructure and institutional support.