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      Kontribusi Cadangan Karbon dalam Mitigasi Perubahan Iklim pada Ekosistem Hutan Alam, Agroforestri, dan Kebun Kelapa Sawit

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      Salsabila, Juniarti
      Rusdiana, Omo
      Adinugroho, Wahyu Catur
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      Abstract
      Peranan hutan sebagai penyerap karbon menjadi salah satu sorotan dunia karena dihadapkan pada persoalan efek rumah kaca salah satunya peningkatan suhu udara (pemanasan global). Hutan memiliki peranan penting dalam menjaga kestabilan iklim yang mana dalam kemampuan menyerap CO2. Perubahan penggunaan lahan (land use) dapat mempengaruhi jumlah karbon tegakan, nekromassa, tanah. Perbandingan karbon di beberapa tutupan lahan dapat memberikan manfaat dalam konteks lingkungan, ekonomi dan kebijakan pengelolaan sumber daya alam. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu menganalisis vegetasi dan menduga cadangan karbon pada hutan alam, agroforestri, dan kebun kelapa sawit, serta menganalisis keterkaitan unsur edafis dan klimatis terhadap cadangan karbon. Penelitian dilakukan melalui tahapan seperti pembuatan petak contoh, pengambilan data tegakan, sampel tanah, tumbuhan bawah, nekromassa dan faktor lingkungan. Hutan alam dan lahan agroforestri di Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak khususnya di zona rimba didominasi oleh tanaman kayu afrika (Maesopsis eminii) dan tegakan damar (Agathis dammara). Adapun kebun kelapa sawit jenis didominasi oleh kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis) dengan umur tegakan lebih dari 20 tahun. Sebaran individu pada hutan alam menjamin keberlangsungan hutan karena ketersedianya dalam regenerasi. Biomassa dan cadangan karbon dari 3 komponen seperti biomassa vegetasi, nekromassa, dan tanah menunjukkan bahwa nilai cadangan karbon total pada hutan alam memiliki nilai yang paling tinggi sebesar 136,82 tonC/ha. Adapun cadangan karbon total lahan agroforestri dan kebun kelapa sawit sebesar 62,78 tonC/ha dan 64,19 tonC/ha. Cadangan karbon tertinggi berada di biomassa vegetasi yaitu hutan alam (97,40 tonC/ha), agroforestri (32,51 tonC/ha), dan kebun kelapa sawit (36,44 tonC/ha). Persentase komponen karbon tertinggi pada hutan alam yaitu biomassa sebesar 71%, diikuti dengan tanah sebesar 18% dan nekromassa sebesar 11%. Selanjutnya, pada lahan agroforestri memiliki persentase cadangan karbon sebesar 52%, tanah sebesar 45%, dan nekromassa sebesar 3%. Adapun persentase di kebun kelapa sawit untuk tanah sebesar 41%, biomassa sebesar 57%, dan nekromassa sebesar 2%. Kondisi tersebut menunjukkan bahwa hutan alam merupakan penyimpan karbon terbaik dibandingkan tipe penggunaan lahan lain yang disebabkan karena keragaman dan kerapatan vegetasi yang kompleks.
       
      The role of forest as carbon absorbers has become a global concern due to the greenhouse effect, one of which is increasing air temperature (global warming). Forests have an important role in maintaining climate stability in terms of their ability to absorb CO2. Changes in land use can affect the amount of stock carbon, necromass, and soil. Comparison of carbon across multiple land covers can provide benefits in the context of environmental, economic and natural resource management policies. The aim of this research is to analyze vegetation and estimate carbon stocks in natural forests, agroforestry, and oil palm plantations, as well as to analyze the relationship between edaphic and climatic elements with carbon stocks. The research was conducted through stages such as creating sample plots, collecting stand data, soil samples, undergrowth, necromass and environmental factors. Natural forests and agroforestry lands in Mount Halimun Salak National Park, especially in the jungle zone, are dominated by kayu afrika (Maesopsis eminii) and damar (Agathis dammara). Oil palm plantations are dominated by oil palm plants (Elaeis guineensis) with a stand age of more than 20 years. The distribution of individuals in natural forests ensures the sustainability of the forest due to its availability for regeneration. Biomass and carbon stock from 3 components such as vegetation biomass, necromass, and soil show that the total carbon reserve value in natural forests has the highest value of 136,82 tonC/ha. The total carbon stocks of agroforestry land and oil palm plantations are 62,78 tonC/ha and 64,19 tonC/ha. The highest biomass and carbon stocks are in vegetation biomass, natural forests (97,40 tonC/ha), agroforestry (32,51 tonC/ha), and oil palm plantations (36,44 tonC/ha). The highest percentage of carbon components in natural forests is carbon stock at 71%, followed by soil at 18% and necromass at 11%. Furthermore, agroforestry land has carbon stock percentage of 52%, soil of 45%, and necromass of 3%. The percentage of soil in oil palm plantations is 41%, biomass is 57%, and necromass is 2%. This shows that natural forests are the best carbon storage compared to other types of land use due to the diversity and density of complex vegetation.
       
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/173172
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      • MT - Forestry [1552]

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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Contact Us | Send Feedback
      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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      Universitas Jember Digital Repository