EFEKTIVITAS PERLAKUAN PANAS, BAHAN PENGAWET SIPERMETRIN DAN KLORPIRIFOS TERHADAP SERANGAN KUMBANG BUBUK PADA KAYU MAHONI (Swietenia sp.)

Abstract

Serangan kumbang bubuk merupakan faktor utama penurunan mutu furnitur kayu mahoni (Swietenia sp.) yang memiliki kelas awet III. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh perlakuan panas, pengawet sipermetrin dan klorpirifos terhadap ketahanan kayu mahoni dari kumbang bubuk kayu kering. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan sembilan perlakuan dan lima ulangan, meliputi perlakuan panas (150 °C dan 180 °C selama 2 dan 4 jam) serta pengawetan kimia (perendaman sipermetrin dan klorpirifos selama 2 jam dan 3 hari). Parameter yang diamati adalah kehilangan berat akibat pemanasan, retensi, kehilangan berat akibat serangan kumbang, dan jumlah lubang gigitan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan panas pada suhu 150–180 °C belum mampu meningkatkan ketahanan kayu secara signifikan (p > 0,05) dan belum dapat mengimbangi efektivitas bahan pengawet. Perlakuan sipermetrin selama 3 hari memberikan perlindungan paling efektif. Klorpirifos menghasilkan nilai retensi yang lebih tinggi, namun sipermetrin lebih efektif dalam menekan aktivitas serangan kumbang. Lama perendaman 3 hari terbukti meningkatkan nilai retensi dan perlindungan kayu secara nyata dibandingkan dengan durasi 2 jam. Kata kunci: bahan pengawet, kayu mahoni, ketahanan kayu, kumbang bubuk, perlakuan panas.

Dry-wood powder-post beetle attack is a major factor in the quality degradation of durability class III mahogany (Swietenia sp.). This study aimed to analyze the effect of heat treatment, cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos preservatives on the durability of mahogany wood against powder post beetles. The research used a completely randomized design with nine treatments and five replications, including heat treatments (150 °C and 180 °C for 2 and 4 hours) and chemical preservation using cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos (soaking for 2 hours and 3 days). Parameters observed were weight loss due to heating, preservative retention, weight loss due to beetle attack, and the number of feeding holes. The results indicated that heat treatment at 150–180 °C did not significantly improve wood resistance (p > 0.05) and was less effective than chemical preservatives. Cypermethrin applied for 3 days provided the most effective protection. While chlorpyrifos resulted in higher retention values, cypermethrin was more effective in suppressing beetle activity. A 3-day soaking duration significantly increased preservative retention and wood protection compared to a 2-hour duration. Keywords: chemical preservative, heat treatment, mahogany, powder-post beetle, wood resistance.