Identifikasi Cendawan Endofit dari Tanaman Leda (Eucalyptus deglupta) dan Potensinya dalam Menghambat Patogen Hawar Daun secara in Vitro

Abstract

Tanaman leda (Eucalyptus deglupta) merupakan spesies kehutanan bernilai ekonomis tinggi yang rentan terhadap penyakit hawar daun akibat sistem monokultur. Pengendalian ramah lingkungan dapat dilakukan melalui pemanfaatan cendawan endofit sebagai agen biokontrol. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi cendawan endofit dari E. deglupta secara morfologi dan molekuler serta mengevaluasi potensinya dalam menghambat patogen hawar daun secara in vitro. Sebanyak empat isolat cendawan endofit diuji terhadap tiga patogen (Rhizoctonia sp., Colletotrichum sp., dan Pestalotiopsis sp.) menggunakan metode dual culture. Identifikasi molekuler dilakukan menggunakan analisis filogenetik dengan penanda ITS. Hasil menunjukkan isolat REI9.1 dan DEI6.1 berkerabat dekat dengan Phyllosticta fallopiae, REC19.1 dengan Xenoacremonium recifei, dan DEC1.1 dengan Pseudopithomyces toxicarius. Isolat DEC1.1 menunjukkan daya hambat tertinggi terhadap seluruh patogen (75,39%), sementara REI9.1 tertinggi terhadap Colletotrichum sp. (71,97%), DEI6.1 terhadap Rhizoctonia sp. (77,85%) dan Pestalotiopsis sp. (76,36%), serta REC19.1 terhadap Rhizoctonia sp. (41,63%). Isolat DEC1.1 (Pseudopithomyces toxicarius) berpotensi sebagai agen hayati yang potensial dalam menghambat patogen hawar daun pada tanaman E. deglupta secara in vitro.

The Leda plant (Eucalyptus deglupta) is a forest species with high economic value that is susceptible to leaf blight disease due to monoculture systems. Environmentally friendly disease management can be achieved through the use of endophytic fungi as biocontrol agents. This study aimed to identify endophytic fungi from E. deglupta based on morphological and molecular characteristics and to evaluate their potential to inhibit leaf blight pathogens in vitro. Four endophytic fungal isolates were tested against three pathogens (Rhizoctonia sp., Colletotrichum sp., and Pestalotiopsis sp.) using the dual culture method. Molecular identification was conducted using phylogenetic analysis based on the ITS marker. The results showed that isolates REI9.1 and DEI6.1 were closely related to Phyllosticta fallopiae, REC19.1 to Xenoacremonium recifei, and DEC1.1 to Pseudopithomyces toxicarius. Isolate DEC1.1 showed the highest inhibition against all pathogens (75.39%), while REI9.1 showed the highest inhibition against Colletotrichum sp. (71.97%), DEI6.1 against Rhizoctonia sp. (77.85%) and Pestalotiopsis sp. (76.36%), and REC19.1 against Rhizoctonia sp. (41.63%). Isolate DEC1.1 (Pseudopithomyces toxicarius) shows strong potential as a biocontrol agent in inhibiting leaf blight pathogens in E. deglupta under in vitro conditions.