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      Fotokatalis Hibrid Carbon Dots/Metal-Organic Framework (CDs@MIL-100(Fe)) untuk Degradasi Auramina O

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      Julita, Mardiana
      Darmawan, Noviyan
      Sugiarti, Sri
      Yudasari, Nurfina
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      Abstract
      Limbah zat warna sintetis, seperti Auramina O, merupakan salah satu polutan berbahaya yang banyak dihasilkan dari aktivitas industri tekstil dan berpotensi mencemari lingkungan perairan. Keberadaan zat warna di badan air dapat menghambat penetrasi cahaya, mengganggu proses fotosintesis organisme akuatik, serta menurunkan kualitas ekosistem. Salah satu metode yang efektif dan ramah lingkungan untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut adalah fotokatalisis berbasis cahaya tampak. Metal–organic framework (MOF) MIL-100(Fe) merupakan material berpori yang menarik sebagai fotokatalis, namun keterbatasan dalam penyerapan cahaya tampak dan laju rekombinasi pasangan elektron–hole masih membatasi kinerjanya. Dalam penelitian ini dikembangkan fotokatalis hibrid carbon dots/metal–organic framework (CDs@MIL-100(Fe)) yang responsif terhadap cahaya tampak untuk degradasi Auramina O. Carbon dots (CDs) disintesis menggunakan henna komersial sebagai prekursor melalui metode hidrotermal satu tahap, kemudian dikombinasikan dengan MIL-100(Fe) menggunakan metode liquid-assisted grinding. Metode ini dipilih karena sederhana, efisien, dan mampu menghasilkan komposit dengan distribusi CDs yang homogen tanpa merusak struktur kristalin MOF. Hasil karakterisasi XRD menunjukkan bahwa struktur kristalin MIL-100(Fe) tetap terjaga setelah integrasi CDs. Analisis FTIR mengonfirmasi keberadaan gugus fungsi khas MIL-100(Fe) dan CDs, yang menunjukkan adanya interaksi antarmuka antara kedua komponen. Pengamatan FESEM dan TEM memperlihatkan bahwa morfologi partikel khas MIL-100(Fe) masih dipertahankan, dengan permukaan yang menjadi lebih kasar akibat deposisi CDs. CDs yang disintesis berbentuk nanopartikel kuasi-sferis berukuran nanometer dan terdispersi secara homogen pada permukaan serta pori MOF. Analisis BET menunjukkan penurunan luas permukaan dan volume pori setelah penambahan CDs, yang mengindikasikan adanya penutupan sebagian pori oleh CDs. Karakterisasi optik menggunakan UV–Vis DRS menunjukkan bahwa integrasi CDs secara signifikan memperluas penyerapan cahaya ke wilayah tampak. Analisis energi celah pita menggunakan plot Tauc menunjukkan penurunan nilai band gap MIL-100(Fe) dari 2,97 eV menjadi 2,65 eV pada komposit CDs@MIL-100(Fe) dengan kandungan CDs 5 wt%, yang mengindikasikan peningkatan kemampuan eksitasi fotoelektron di bawah penyinaran cahaya tampak. Uji aktivitas fotokatalitik dilakukan melalui degradasi Auramina O pada konsentrasi awal 20 ppm di bawah penyinaran cahaya tampak. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa MIL-100(Fe) murni mampu mendegradasi sekitar 64% Auramina O setelah 240 menit. Integrasi CDs secara signifikan meningkatkan kinerja fotokatalitik, dengan komposit CDs@MIL-100(Fe) 5 wt% menunjukkan efisiensi degradasi tertinggi sebesar 93%. Penambahan CDs hingga 10 wt% justru menurunkan efisiensi degradasi, yang dikaitkan dengan efek light shielding dan penutupan sebagian situs aktif.
       
      Synthetic dye wastewater, such as Auramine O, is one of the hazardous pollutants widely generated from textile industry activities and poses a serious threat to aquatic environments. The presence of dyes in water bodies can hinder light penetration, disrupt photosynthesis in aquatic organisms, and degrade overall ecosystem quality. One effective and environmentally friendly approach to address this issue is visible-light-driven photocatalysis. The metal–organic framework (MOF) MIL-100(Fe) is an attractive porous material for photocatalytic applications; however, its performance is limited by insufficient visible-light absorption and a relatively high electron–hole recombination rate. In this study, a visible-light-responsive hybrid photocatalyst composed of carbon dots and metal–organic framework (CDs@MIL-100(Fe)) was developed for the degradation of Auramine O. Carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized using commercial henna as a precursor via a one-step hydrothermal method and subsequently integrated with MIL-100(Fe) through a liquid-assisted grinding approach. This method was selected due to its simplicity, efficiency, and ability to produce a homogeneous composite without compromising the crystalline integrity of the MOF. XRD analysis confirmed that the crystalline structure of MIL-100(Fe) was well preserved after CDs integration. FTIR results verified the presence of characteristic functional groups from both MIL-100(Fe) and CDs, indicating interfacial interactions between the two components. FESEM and TEM observations revealed that the characteristic particle morphology of MIL-100(Fe) was retained, with slightly rougher surfaces resulting from CDs deposition. The synthesized CDs exhibited quasi-spherical nanoparticles at the nanometer scale and were homogeneously dispersed on the surface and within the pores of the MOF. BET analysis showed a decrease in specific surface area and pore volume after CDs incorporation, suggesting partial pore blocking by CDs. Optical characterization using UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy demonstrated that CDs integration significantly enhanced visible-light absorption. Band gap analysis based on Tauc plots revealed a reduction in the band gap energy of MIL-100(Fe) from 2.97 eV to 2.65 eV for the CDs@MIL-100(Fe) composite with 5 wt% CDs, indicating more efficient photoexcitation under visible-light irradiation. Photocatalytic activity was evaluated through the degradation of Auramine O at an initial concentration of 20 ppm under visible-light irradiation. Pristine MIL-100(Fe) achieved approximately 64% degradation after 240 min, whereas CDs incorporation markedly enhanced photocatalytic performance. The CDs@MIL-100(Fe) composite with 5 wt% CDs exhibited the highest degradation efficiency of 93%. Further increasing the CDs content to 10 wt% led to a decrease in degradation efficiency, which was attributed to light-shielding effects and partial blockage of active sites.
       
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/173064
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      • MT - Mathematics and Natural Science [4174]

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