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      Pengaruh Sistem Agri-Photovoltaic terhadap Sifat Kimia Tanah, Serapan Hara, Pertumbuhan, dan Hasil Kedelai (Glycine max (L.))

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      RAHAYU, ELSA KALAM
      Nadalia, Desi
      Chahyahusna, Affan
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      Abstract
      Sistem Agri-Photovoltaic (APV) menjadi salah satu alternatif untuk memenuhi kebutuhan energi dan pangan suatu negara dengan mengintegrasikan antara pertanian dengan panel surya untuk memproduksi energi sehingga penggunaan lahan menjadi lebih optimal. Sistem ini dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai salah satu strategi peningkatan produksi kedelai yang merupakan komoditas pangan strategis nasional. Agri-Photovoltaic Research Station (APRS) Kebun Pendidikan Cikabayan merupakan unit agri-photovoltaic pertama di Indonesia yang dirancang sebagai solusi integratif dalam mendukung produksi energi terbarukan sekaligus mempertahankan produktivitas lahan pertanian di Indonesia. Namun, keberadaan panel surya menciptakan efek naungan yang berpotensi mempengaruhi kapasitas tanaman dalam menyerap hara dan menghasilkan biji. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui perbedaan sifat kimia tanah dan membandingkan respon pertumbuhan dan produktivitas kedelai yang tumbuh di bawah naungan panel surya dan di luar naungan panel surya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan nyata pada nilai pH, C-organik, N-total, dan Mg-dd antara di bawah naungan panel surya (PS) dengan di luar naungan panel surya (LPS), sedangkan parameter P-tersedia, KTK (Kapasitas Tukar Kation), K-dd, Ca-dd, dan Na-dd tidak menunjukkan perbedaan nyata. Perbedaan tersebut berkaitan dengan perubahan kondisi iklim mikro di bawah naungan panel surya. Kondisi tersebut kemudian berpengaruh nyata meningkatkan serapan hara N, P, dan K oleh tanaman kedelai. Selain itu, perlakuan PS juga meningkatkan parameter pertumbuhan dan panen tanaman kedelai, terutama produktivitas, tetapi menurunkan nilai indeks panen (Harvest Index) akibat tingginya total akumulasi biomassa vegetatif. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa sistem APV potensial dalam meningkatkan produktivitas lahan dengan menciptakan kondisi lingkungan yang lebih optimal.
       
      Agri-Photovoltaic System (APV) offers an alternative approach to simultaneously address energy and food demands by integrating agricultural production with photovoltaic panels, thereby improving land-use efficiency. The system can be considered a strategy to enhance soybean production, a nationally strategic food commodity in Indonesia. Agri-Photovoltaic Research Station (APRS) at Cikabayan Teaching Farm is the first agri-photovoltaic unit in Indonesia, designed as an integrated solution to support renewable energy production while maintaining agricultural land productivity in Indonesia. However, the presence of solar panels creates shading effects that may influence soil nutrient availability, crop nutrient uptake, and crop productivity. This research aimed to evaluate differences in soil chemical properties and to compare the growth response and productivity of soybean cultivated under solar panel shading and open-field condition. The result showed significant differences in soil pH, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and exchangeable magnesium under the solar panel shading (PS) compared to area without solar panel shading (WPS), while available phosphorus, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and exchangeable potassium, calcium, and sodium did not differ significantly. These differences were associated with the changes in microclimate conditions created under the solar panel shading. These conditions subsequently resulted in a significant increase in nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) uptake by soybean plants. In addition, solar panel shading treatment enhanced soybean growth and yield components, particulary productivity, but reduced the harvest index (HI) due to greater accumulation of vegetative biomass. Overall, the results suggest that APV represents a promising approach for improving land productivity through the creation of favorable microenvironmental conditions for crop growth.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/173040
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      • UT - Soil Science and Land Resources [2831]

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