Serangan Oxya japonica (Thunberg) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) dan Hama Lainnya pada Tanaman Talas di Kecamatan Kemang, Bogor, Jawa Barat

Abstract

Talas (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) merupakan tanaman umbi yang semakin banyak dibudidayakan sebagai tanaman diversifikasi pangan di Indonesia. Produktivitas talas sering menurun akibat serangan hama, terutama belalang Oxya japonica (Thunberg) yang merusak daun dan pelepah. Laporan mengenai O. japonica dan hama lain pada talas masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan menghitung populasi, intensitas serangan O. japonica, dan melaporkan serangan hama lainnya di Kecamatan Kemang, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Parakan Jaya, Desa Bojong dan Desa Kemang. Setiap desa diamati dua plot pengamatan. Populasi dan serangan O. japonica diamati empat kali interval dalam dua minggu sekali. Populasi O. japonica diamati menggunakan metode pengambilan contoh area transek yang dimodifikasi. Intensitas serangan dinilai dari skala kerusakan daun 0–4 dengan metode stratifikasi diagonal. Rasio perbandingan populasi (imago per nimfa) yaitu 1:3,2 di Desa Parakan Jaya, 1:3,6 di Desa Bojong dan 1:4,1 di Desa Kemang. Populasi nimfa tertinggi yaitu instar ke-1 mencapai 0,88 individu per tanaman. Populasi nimfa instar ke-4 terendah yaitu 0 individu per tanaman. Intensitas serangan O. japonica tertinggi mencapai 40,60% di Desa Bojong dan terendah 15,62% di Desa Parakan Jaya. Dua hama talas lain yang tercatat, wereng talas Tarophagus colocasiae (Matsumura) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) dan Aplosonyx sp. (Chevrolat) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), masih terbatas laporannya di Indonesia.

Taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) is a tuber crop increasingly cultivated as a diversification crop in Indonesia. Taro productivity is often reduced by pests, particularly the grasshopper Oxya japonica (Thunberg), which damages leaves and petioles. Reports on O. japonica and other pests of taro remain limited. This study estimated the population and attack intensity of O. japonica. This study also documented other pest attacks in three villages from Kemang District, Bogor Regency, West Java. The study was conducted with two plots in each village. Population and attack of O. japonica were monitored 4 times at two-week intervals. O. japonica populations were observed using modified transect area sampling. Attack intensity was scored using a diagonal stratified sampling. The population ratio (imago per nymph) was 1:3.2 in Parakan Jaya, 1:3.6 in Bojong, and 1:4.1 in Kemang. The highest nymph population was first instar, reaching 0.88 individuals per plant. The lowest nymph population was 4th nymphal stage with 0 individuals per plant. The highest intensity of O. japonica attack reached 40.6% in Bojong, and the lowest was 15.62% in Parakan Jaya Village. Two taro pests were recorded, i.e., the taro planthopper Tarophagus colocasiae (Matsumura) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) and Aplosonyx sp. (Chevrolat)(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), both are still poorly documented in Indonesia.