Efektivitas Cendawan Dark Septate Endophyte sebagai Agen Biokontrol Rayap Tanah (Coptotermes curvignathus)

Abstract

Pengendalian rayap tanah (Coptotermes curvignathus) yang didominasi oleh penggunaan insektisida sintetik memicu masalah lingkungan, sehingga diperlukan alternatif hayati seperti cendawan Dark Septate Endophyte (DSE). Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji efektivitas isolat Cladophialophora nyingchiensis (S51) dan Diaporthe pandanicola (TM) dalam mengendalikan rayap tanah serta menentukan konsentrasi konidia yang optimum. Pengujian dilakukan melalui metode kontak (7 hari) dan metode umpan kertas saring (7, 14, dan 21 hari) pada konsentrasi konidia 1×105, 1×106, dan 1×107 konidia/mL serta kontrol. Data dianalisis dengan uji ragam (ANOVA) melalui model RAL faktorial tiga faktor dan lima ulangan. Mortalitas, laju mortalitas, LT50, kehilangan berat umpan, dan mikosis diamati. Mortalitas rayap pada kontrol adalah 12–26%, sedangkan mortalitas perlakuan lebih tinggi, mencapai 84–90% pada Cladophialophora nyingchiensis (S51) serta 94–100% pada Diaporthe pandanicola (TM) pada pengumpanan 21 hari. Nilai LT50 pada kontrol adalah sebesar 11,8 hari (uji kontak) dan 32,6 hari (uji umpan), sedangkan LT50 perlakuan tercepat terjadi pada 4,2–4,6 hari (uji kontak) dan 4,6–16,6 hari (uji umpan), disertai penurunan kehilangan berat umpan menjadi 5,3–8,6% pada perlakuan Cladophialophora nyingchiensis (S51) dan 5,3–6,1% pada perlakuan Diaporthe pandanicola (TM). Adanya interaksi yang nyata antara metode aplikasi dengan taraf konsentrasi, serta antara metode aplikasi dengan jenis cendawan terhadap tingkat mortalitas rayap. Tingkat efektivitas paling optimal pada pengujian kontak ditunjukkan oleh perlakuan cendawan Cladophialophora nyingchiensis (S51) pada taraf konsentrasi 1×105 konidia/mL, sementara kinerja pengendalian terbaik pada metode pengumpanan dicapai oleh aplikasi isolat Diaporthe pandanicola (TM) pada taraf konsentrasi 1×107 konidia/mL.

The control of subterranean termites (Coptotermes curvignathus), which is predominantly reliant on synthetic insecticides, has raised environmental concerns, necessitating biological alternatives such as Dark Septate Endophyte (DSE) fungi. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Cladophialophora nyingchiensis (S51) and Diaporthe pandanicola (TM) isolates in controlling subterranean termites and to determine the optimum conidial concentration. Bioassays were conducted using a contact assay (7 days) and a filter paper bait assay (7, 14, and 21 days) at conidial concentrations of 1×105, 1×106, and 1×107 conidia/mL, alongside a control. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) based on a three-factor completely randomized design (CRD) with five replications. Mortality, mortality rate, lethal time 50 (LT50), bait weight loss, and mycosis were observed. Termite mortality in the control ranged from 12% to 26%, whereas treatment mortality was higher, reaching 84–90% for Cladophialophora nyingchiensis (S51) and 94–100% for Diaporthe pandanicola (TM) in the 21-day baiting period. The LT50 for the control was 11.8 days (contact assay) and 32.6 days (bait assay), whereas the shortest LT50 for the treatments occurred at 4.2–4.6 days (contact assay) and 4.6–16.6 days (bait assay), accompanied by a reduction in bait weight loss to 5.3–8.6% for the Cladophialophora nyingchiensis (S51) treatment and 5.3–6.1% for the Diaporthe pandanicola (TM) treatment. Significant interactions between the application method and concentration level, as well as between the application method and fungal species on termite mortality. The most optimal efficacy in the contact assay was exhibited by the Cladophialophora nyingchiensis (S51) treatment at a concentration of 1×105 conidia/mL, whereas the best control performance in the baiting method was achieved by the Diaporthe pandanicola (TM) isolate at a concentration of 1×107 conidia/mL.