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      Pengaruh Kombinasi Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula dan Rizobakteri terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Kopsia (Kopsia arborea Blume)

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      H, Rachmad Chaerul
      Wulandari, Arum Sekar
      Istikorini, Yunik
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      Abstract
      Kopsia (Kopsia arborea Blume) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang memiliki metabolit sekunder. Penelitian mengenai metabolit sekunder pada tanaman kopsia telah banyak dilakukan, namun penelitian terkait budidaya dan teknik perbanyakannya masih terbatas. Perbanyakan bibit kopsia secara generatif dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan benih. Peningkatan perkecambahan benih dan pertumbuhan bibit dapat dilakukan dengan aplikasi mikrob. Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) menganalisis pengaruh tingkat kematangan buah dan perlakuan rizobakteri terhadap perkecambahan benih kopsia, dan (2) pengaruh pemberian fungi mikoriza arbuskula (FMA) dan rizobakteri terhadap pertumbuhan bibit tanaman kopsia. Penelitian ini terdiri atas 2 topik dengan judul, yaitu: (1) Peran Tingkat Kematangan Buah dan Rizobakteri dalam Meningkatkan Perkecambahan Benih Kopsia, dan (2) Efektivitas Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula dan Rizobakteri terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Kopsia. Penelitian topik 1 mengaplikasikan perbedaan tingkat kematangan buah dan perlakuan rizobakteri terhadap perkecambahan benih kopsia. Tingkat kematangan buah yang digunakan ada tiga, yaitu: belum matang, setengah matang, dan matang. Rizobakteri yang digunakan mengandung bakteri Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp. dan Azospirillum sp. Buah kopsia sesuai tingkat kematangan direndam dalam larutan rizobakteri selama 24 jam, kemudian ditabur di atas media pasir. Hasil pengamatan selama 2 bulan menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kematangan buah memiliki peran penting dalam menentukan daya kecambah benih dan indeks vigor kecambah. Hanya benih yang berasal dari buah matang yang mampu berkecambah dan menghasilkan pertumbuhan awal yang optimal. Sebaliknya, benih dari buah yang belum matang maupun setengah matang tidak menunjukkan kemampuan berkecambah karena embrio belum berkembang sempurna secara fisiologis. Penerapan rizobakteri terbukti efektif dalam mempercepat waktu perkecambahan, meningkatkan laju perkecambahan, dan memperbaiki nisbah pucuk-akar. Namun, efek positif tersebut hanya terjadi pada benih matang dengan embrio yang telah berkembang sempurna secara fisiologis. Temuan ini menekankan pentingnya pemilihan tingkat kematangan buah yang tepat dan pemanfaatan rizobakteri sebagai strategi biologis untuk meningkatkan keberhasilan perkecambahan dan pertumbuhan awal kopsia, sehingga mendukung upaya perbanyakan dan konservasi spesies ini. Penelitian topik 2 menggunakan bibit kopsia hasil penelitian topik 1, untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhannya bibit kopsia diinokulasi dengan FMA dan rizobakteri. Inokulum yang digunakan berupa campuran spora (Acaulospora spinosa, Glomus manihotis, dan Gigaspora margarita) dan potongan akar yang tergabung dalam media zeolit; sedangkan inokulum rizobakteri yang digunakan sama dengan pada topik 1. Aplikasi FMA belum dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan vegetatif awal, tetapi berpengaruh nyata terhadap nisbah pucuk-akar, kandungan klorofil daun, dan sifat kimia tanah. Sebaliknya, rizobakteri tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan vegetatif, namun berperan dalam kolonisasi mikrob pada konsentrasi 3-5%. Kombinasi FMA dengan rizobakteri pada konsentrasi 3-5% tepat dapat meningkatkan kolonisasi FMA, meski kontribusi terhadap pertumbuhan vegetatif masih terbatas pada fase awal pembibitan.
       
      Kopsia (Kopsia arborea Blume) is one of the plants that has secondary metabolites. Research on secondary metabolites in kopsia plants has been widely conducted, but studies related to its cultivation and propagation techniques are still limited. Propagation of kopsia seedlings growth can be carried out generatively using seeds. Seed germination and seedling growth can be enhanced through microbial application. This study aims to: (1) analyze the effect of fruit maturity level and rhizobacteria treatment on kopsia seed germination, and (2) examine the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and rhizobacteria on the growth of kopsia seedlings. The research consists of two topics with the following titles: (1) The Role of Fruit Maturity Level and Rhizobacteria in Enhancing Kopsia Seed Germination, and (2) Effectiveness of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Rhizobacteria on Kopsia Seedling Growth. The first research topic applied differences in fruit maturity levels and rhizobacteria treatment to the germination of kopsia seeds. Three levels of fruit maturity were used, namely immature, half-ripe, and ripe. The rhizobacteria applied contained Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Azospirillum sp. Kopsia fruits at each maturity level were soaked in a rhizobacteria solution for 24 hours and then sown on sand media. Observations over two months showed that fruit maturity plays crucial role in determining seed germination capacity and seedling vigor index. Only seeds derived from ripe fruits were able to germinate and produce optimal initial growth, whereas seeds had not yet developed physiologically. The application of rhizobacteria proved effective in acceleration germination time, increasing germination rate, and improving the shoot-root ratio. However, these positive effects were observed exclusively in mature seeds with physiologically well-developed embryos. These findings underscore the importance of selecting the appropriate fruit maturity level and utilizing rhizobacteria as a biological strategy to enhance the success of kopsia seed germination and early growth, thereby supporting propagation and conservation efforts for this species. The second research topic utilized kopsia seedlings obtained from the first study, which were inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and rhizobacteria to enhance their growth. The inoculum consisted of a mixture of spores (Acaulospora spinosa, Glomus manihoting, and Gigaspora margarita) and root fragments incorporated into a zeolited medium, while the rhizobacteria inoculum used was the same as that in topic 1. The application of AMF did not significantly improve early vegetative growth. However, it exerted a notable effect on the shoot-root ratio, chlorophyll content, and soil chemical properties. Conversely, rhizobacteria did not have a significant impact on vegetative growth, but contributed to microbial colonization at concentrations of 3-5%. The combination of AMF and rhizobacteria at concentrations of 3-5% was effective in enhancing AMF colonization, although its contribution to vegetative growth remained limited during the initial seedling phase.
       
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/172915
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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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