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      Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Bioplastik Antimikroba berbasis Pati Biji Durian dan Limbah Tahu /Synthesis and Characterization of Antimicrobial Starch-based Bioplastic from Durian Seeds and Tofu Waste

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      Date
      2025
      Author
      Zha, Imelya
      Suryanegara, Lisman
      Sari, Yessie Widya
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      Abstract
      Kebutuhan terhadap kemasan makanan semakin meningkat seiring dengan tingginya kesadaran masyarakat akan pentingnya kemasan yang dapat menjaga makanan tetap higienis dalam waktu lama. Salah satu cara untuk memperpanjang waktu penyimpanan makanan adalah dengan membuat kemasan aktif bioplastik yang mempunyai kemampuan antimikroba sebagai pengawet alami. Bioplastik antimikroba akan lebih mudah terurai apabila menggunakan bahan-bahan polimer alami seperti pati, protein, dan lainnya. Pada penelitian ini digunakan limbah biji durian yang tinggi kandungan pati dan protein ampas tahu dengan kandungan protein 23 − 29%. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui pengaruh penambahan protein ampas tahu, kitosan, dan sorbitol terhadap karakteristik bioplastik berbasis pati biji durian. Pembuatan bioplastik ini melibatkan campuran ekstraksi pati, ekstraksi protein, dan larutan yang dipanaskan hingga homogen, kemudian dikeringkan. Penelitian ini melibatkan beberapa sampel dengan variasi penambahan sorbitol (0,1,2) mL, kitosan (0,1,2) gram, dan protein ampas tahu (0 dan 5) gram. Analisis bioplastik meliputi aktivitas antimikroba, morfologi, gugus fungsi, termal, karakteristik mekanik, transmisi uap air, serta biodegradabilitas. Bioplastik mempunyai ketahanan termal yang baik yaitu mencapai suhu 300 ℃. Peningkatan nilai kuat tarik berbanding lurus dengan penambahan kitosan dan berbanding terbalik dengan penambahan sorbitol. Nilai kuat tarik terbaik yaitu sampel A dengan nilai 7,35 MPa. Nilai WVTR berada di rentang 2,93 g/m2 .jam − 3,97 g/m2 .jam. Rata-rata sampel bioplastik terdegradasi dengan sangat baik dengan persentase permukaan sampel bioplastik yang tertutup koloni adalah lebih dari 60 %. Morfologi permukaan film bioplastik terdapat titik hitam. Zona hambat pengujian antimikroba yang terbentuk yaitu 6,00−7,82 mm.
       
      The demand for food packaging is increasing as people become more aware of the importance of packaging that can keep food hygienic for a longer period of time. One way to extend the shelf life of food is by creating active bioplastic packaging with antimicrobial properties as a natural preservative. Antimicrobial bioplastic is more easily biodegradable when using natural polymer materials such as starch, protein, and others. This research uses durian seed waste which is high in starch content and tofu dregs with a protein content of 23−29%. The research aims to determine the effect of adding tofu dregs protein, chitosan, and sorbitol on the characteristics of bioplastic based on durian seed starch. The production of this bioplastic involves a mixture of starch extraction, protein extraction, and a heated homogenized solution, which is then dried. This research involved several samples with variations in the addition of sorbitol (0,1,2) mL, chitosan (0,1,2) grams, and tofu dregs protein (0 and 5) grams. Bioplastic analysis includes antimicrobial activity, morphology, functional groups, thermal, mechanical characteristics, water vapor transmission, and biodegradability. The bioplastics exhibited has good thermal resistance, reaching temperatures of 300 ℃. The increase in tensile strength is directly proportional to the addition of chitosan and inversely proportional to the addition of sorbitol. The best tensile strength value was obtained for sample A, with a value of 7,35 MPa. The WVTR value is in the range of 2,93 g/m2 .hour−3,97 g/m2 .hour. On average, bioplastic samples degraded very well, with more than 60% of the bioplastic sample surface covered by colonies. Black spots were observed on the surface morphology of the bioplastic film. The inhibition zones formed in the antimicrobial testing ranged from 6,00−7,82 mm.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/172898
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      • UT - Physics [1243]

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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Contact Us | Send Feedback
      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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