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      Serangga Hama, Musuh Alami, dan Laporan Keberadaan Kutu Perisai Aulacaspis rosarum pada Tanaman Mawar di Rumah Plastik

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      Hidayat, Aldin Alfan
      Sartiami, Dewi
      Triwidodo, Hermanu
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      Abstract
      Tanaman mawar merupakan salah satu komoditas tanaman hias yang populer dan banyak dibudidayakan di dataran tinggi Indonesia. Tanaman mawar dapat meningkatkan perekonomian Indonesia dan sebagai sumber pendapatan bagi petani. Tanaman mawar tidak terlepas dari serangan hama yang menyebabkan kerugian panen. Meskipun musuh alami berperan penting dalam mengendalikan hama, petani seringkali mengandalkan pestisida kimia sebagai upaya pengendalian hama padahal penggunaan pestisida kimia tersebut berdampak negatif bagi lingkungan. Kondisi ini menunjukkan pengelolaan hama yang berkelanjutan tidak hanya mengandalkan pestisida kimia tetapi perlu diintegrasikan dengan pemanfaatan musuh alami untuk menekan populasi hama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji keberadaan hama utama dan musuh alami pada tanaman mawar di rumah plastik Cisarua, Kabupaten Bandung Barat, Jawa Barat, serta menganalisis pengaruh fenologi bunga terhadap keberadaan serangga tersebut. Metode penelitian mencakup penentuan titik contoh, koleksi serangga menggunakan metode farmcop (FC) dan hand collecting (HC), pembuatan preparat, dan identifikasi. Hasil identifikasi serangga pada tanaman mawar terdiri atas lima serangga hama yaitu Thrips parvispinus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), Aulacaspis rosarum (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Planococcus minor (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), serta tiga musuh alami yaitu predator dari Famili Cecidomyiidae (Ordo: Diptera), dan Cybocephalus nipponicus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), serta parasitoid spesies dari Famili Ceraphronidae (Ordo: Hymenoptera). Temuan kutu perisai A. rosarum pada tanaman mawar ini merupakan laporan kedua di Indonesia. Kutu putih P. minor sebelumnya telah dilaporkan pada tanaman mawar di Papua (dahulu bernama Irian Jaya) dan penelitian ini menjadi laporan pertama keberadaan spesies tersebut ditemukan pada tanaman mawar di Pulau Jawa. Serangga dengan jumlah individu tertinggi pada metode FC adalah kutu perisai A. rosarum. Serangga hama T. parvispinus merupakan serangga yang ditemukan dengan jumlah individu tertinggi pada metode HC. Serangga parasitoid famili Ceraphronidae dan kutu perisai A. rosarum tidak ditemukan pada metode HC. Fenologi bunga meliputi fase bunga kuncup, setengah mekar, dan mekar sempurna berpengaruh sangat signifikan terhadap keberadaan populasi serangga.
       
      Roses are one of the most popular ornamental crops and are widely cultivated in the highland areas of Indonesia. Rose cultivation contributes to the Indonesian economy and serves as an important source of income for farmers. However, rose plants are vulnerable to pest attacks that can cause yield losses. Although natural enemies play an important role in pest control, farmers often rely on chemical pesticides, despite their negative impacts on the environment. This condition indicates that sustainable pest management should not depend solely on chemical pesticides but should be integrated with the use of natural enemies to suppress pest populations. This study aimed to examine the presence of major pests and natural enemies associated with rose plants in a plastic greenhouse in Cisarua, West Bandung Regency, West Java, and to analyze the effect of flower phenology on insect occurrence. The research methods included the determination of sampling points, insect collection using farmcop (FC) and hand collecting (HC) methods, specimen preparation, and insect identification. The results revealed five pest species, namely Thrips parvispinus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), Aulacaspis rosarum (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae), and Planococcus minor (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), as well as three natural enemies, namely a predator from the Family Cecidomyiidae (Order: Diptera), Cybocephalus nipponicus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), and a parasitoid species from the Family Ceraphronidae (Order: Hymenoptera). The occurrence of the armored scale A. rosarum on rose plants represents the second report in Indonesia. The mealybug P. minor had previously been reported on rose plants in Papua (formerly known as Irian Jaya), and this study constitutes the first report of this species on rose plants on the island of Java. The insect with the highest number of individuals recorded using the FC method was the armored scale A. rosarum. The pest insect T. parvispinus was the species with the highest number of individuals recorded using the HC method. Parasitoid insects from the Family Ceraphronidae and the armored scale A. rosarum were not using the HC method. Flower phenology, including the bud, half-bloom, and full-bloom stages, had a highly significant effect on the presence of insect populations.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/172529
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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Contact Us | Send Feedback
      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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      Universitas Jember Digital Repository