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      Analisis Structural Break Dan Transmisi Harga Pada Minyak Goreng Curah Di Indonesia

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      Zhafira, Jihan
      Hakim, Dedi Budiman
      Falatehan, A. Faroby
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      Abstract
      JIHAN ZHAFIRA. Analisis Structural Break dan Transmisi Harga pada Minyak Goreng Curah di Indonesia. Dibimbing oleh DEDI BUDIMAN HAKIM dan A. FAROBY FALATEHAN. Harga minyak goreng curah melonjak tajam hingga melebihi Rp21.000 per Liter pada 2022, sementara harga Tandan Buah Segar (TBS) di tingkat petani anjlok drastic akibat kebijakan larangan ekspor Crude Palm Oil (CPO). Kondisi ini menunjukkan distorsi dalam mekanisme penyebaran harga dan kemungkinan terjadinya perubahan struktural akibat kebijakan reaktif terhadap volatilitas global. Struktur pasar oligopolistik dan rantai distribusi yang panjang semakin memperburuk ketidakefisienan harga di pasar domestik. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk: 1) Mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis adanya peristiwa structural break terhadap harga TBS, CPO, dan minyak goreng curah di berbagai tingkat pasar di Indonesia dari 2020 hingga 2024, 2) Menganalisis pola transmisi harga pada TBS, CPO dan minyak goreng curah di berbagai tingkat pasar di Indonesia, baik sebelum maupun sesudah terjadinya structural break. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder mingguan dari Januari 2020 hingga Desember 2024 berupa data harga TBS, harga CPO, dan harga minyak goreng curah di tingkat produsen, pedagang eceran, pedagang besar, dan pasar tradisional yang diperoleh melalui Sistem Informasi Produk Perkebunan Unggulan (SIPASBUN) dan Pusat Informasi Harga Pangan Stategis (PIHPS) Bank Indonesia. Metode analisis data yang digunakan berupa analisis deskriptif, analisis inferensia, uji stasioneritas, uji Varsoc untuk pemilihan lag optimal, uji Additive Outlier (AO) untuk mendeteksi structural break, uji kointegrasi Bound Test untuk melihat hubungan jangka panjang antar variabel, uji kausalitas Hatemi-J (Asymmetric Granger Causality Test) untuk melihat hubungan sebab akibat antar variabel baik kenaikan maupun penurunan harga tiap variabel, model Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) untuk menguji asimetri transmisi harga, dan uji Wald untuk memvalidasi uji asimetri pada NARDL. Hasil menunjukkan adanya perubahan struktural yang signifikan pada observasi ke-139, bertepatan pada April 2022 ketika kebijakan larangan ekspor CPO, penerapan Domestic Market Obligation (DMO), dan penetapan Harga Eceran Tertinggi (HET). Transmisi harga yang asimetri terjadi pada variabel harga TBS dan harga CPO dalam jangka pendek sebelum terjadinya structural break, namun pada jangka panjang setelah terjadinya structural break harga kembali pada keseimbangan. Fenomena ini menegaskan pentingnya kebijakan penetapan harga yang lebih konsisten, terintegrasi, dan berbasis pasar untuk menjaga stabilitas minyak goreng nasional dan juga keseimbangan harga di tingkat hulu agar tetap menyejahterakan kehidupan pelaku usaha di tingkat hulu.
       
      JIHAN ZHAFIRA. Analysis of Structural Break and Price Transmission in Bulk Cooking Oil in Indonesia. Supervised by DEDI BUDIMAN HAKIM and A. FAROBY FALATEHAN. The price of bulk cooking oil rose sharply to over Rp21.000 per Liter in 2022, while the price of Tandan Buah Segar (TBS) at the farmer level fell dramatically due to the ban on Crude Palm Oil (CPO) exports. This situation indicates a distortion in the price transmission mechanism and the possibility of structural breaks due to reactive policies to global volatility. The oligopolistic market structure and long distribution chain further exacerbate price inefficiency in the domestic market. This study aims to: 1) Identify and analyze the existence of structural breaks in the prices of TBS, CPO, and bulk cooking oil at various market levels in Indonesia from 2020 to 2024, 2) Analyze price transmission patterns in TBS, CPO, and bulk cooking oil at various market levels in Indonesia, both before and after the structural break occurred. This study uses weekly secondary data from January 2020 to December 2024 in the form of TBS prices, CPO prices, and bulk cooking oil prices at the producer, retail, wholesale, and traditional market levels obtained through Sistem Informasi Produk Perkebunan Unggulan (SIPASBUN) and Pusat Informasi Harga Pangan Strategis (PIHPS) Bank Indonesia. The data analysis methods used include descriptive analysis, inferential analysis, stationarity tests, Varsoc tests for optimal lag selection, Additive Outlier (AO) tests to detect structural breaks, Bound Test for cointegration to see the long-term relationship between variables, Hatemi-J causality test (Asymmetric Granger Causality Test) to see the cause and effect relationship between variables, both increases and decreases in the price of each variable, Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) model to test price transmission asymmetry, and Wald test to validate the asymmetry test on NARDL. The results show a significant structural change in the 139th observation, coinciding with April 2022 when the CPO export ban policy, the implementation of the Domestic Market Obligation (DMO), and the setting of the Maximum Retail Price (HET) took effect. Asymmetric price transmission occurred in the TBS and CPO price variables in the short term before the structural change, but in the long term after the structural change, prices returned to equilibrium. This phenomenon confirms the importance of a more consistent, integrated, and market-based pricing policy to maintain national cooking oil stability and price equilibrium at the upstream level in order to improve the welfare of upstream business actors.
       
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/172401
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      • MT - Economic and Management [3229]

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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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