Model Peningkatan Kinerja Bisnis Rantai Pasok Industri Cat Berbasis Turbulensi, Strategi, Inovasi, dan Kapabilitas Strategis

Abstract

Industri cat dan bahan pelapis memiliki keterkaitan erat dengan sektor konstruksi karena berfungsi melindungi material bangunan dari korosi dan degradasi sekaligus memberikan nilai estetika. Dengan demikian, industri ini memegang peran strategis dalam mendukung pembangunan dan pertumbuhan industri konstruksi di Indonesia. Meskipun memiliki prospek pertumbuhan yang baik, rantai pasok industri cat masih menghadapi kendala utama, terutama ketergantungan bahan baku impor yang mencapai sekitar 77% pada produk otomotif, industri, dan epoksi, serta sekitar 40% pada cat dekoratif. Tantangan lainnya meliputi keterbatasan tenaga kerja terampil dan dukungan kebijakan yang belum optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang dan menguji model peningkatan kinerja bisnis rantai pasok industri cat melalui pendekatan turbulensi industri, inovasi, strategi, dan kapabilitas strategis. Penelitian juga menganalisis kondisi situasional rantai pasok, peran masing-masing variabel dalam meningkatkan kinerja bisnis, serta merumuskan alternatif strategi yang relevan. Pendekatan mixed-methods digunakan dengan mengintegrasikan SSM, PLS-SEM, ISM, dan ANP, didukung data dari literatur, wawancara pakar, dan survei terhadap 155 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa turbulensi industri tidak berpengaruh langsung terhadap strategi bisnis, namun memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap inovasi (ß = 0,521) dan kapabilitas strategis (ß = 0,612). Kedua faktor internal ini membentuk strategi adaptif, yang menjadi variabel prediktif paling kuat terhadap kinerja bisnis (ß = 0,817). Model yang dikembangkan mampu menjelaskan 74% variansi strategi dan 66,8% variansi kinerja bisnis, hal ini menegaskan peran mediasi strategi adaptif dalam meningkatkan daya saing rantai pasok. Melalui pendekatan paradigma strategi sukses (Ansoff 1990), penelitian ini berhasil menyusun strategi untuk menutup kesenjangan strategi (strategic gaps) dengan strategi pengembangan kapabilitas strategis melalui peningkatan kemampuan kapabilitas dinamis (Teece 2018) yaitu sensing (Pengindraan Strategis) – seizing (Penangkapan Peluang), dan reconfiguring (Re-konfigurasi Kapabilitas). Secara teoretis, penelitian ini memperkaya kajian strategic fit dan dynamic capability framework, khususnya pada sektor industri cat dan bahan pelapis di Indonesia Prioritas strategis lainnya yang dihasilkan mencakup efisiensi biaya operasional, substitusi bahan baku lokal untuk mengurangi ketergantungan impor, serta pengembangan sumber daya manusia.

weathering but also to enhance their aesthetic value. As such, paints and coatings play a vital role in supporting Indonesia’s construction industry. Despite its strong growth potential, the paint industry’s supply chain faces several critical challenges, including heavy dependence on imported raw materials—reaching up to 77% for certain product segments—limited availability of skilled labor, and insufficient policy and institutional support. To overcome these challenges, a comprehensive business performance improvement model is required—one that integrates model. This approach is particularly relevant given the recurring disruptions experienced by the industry during economic crises, which significantly weakened industry performance. During the COVID-19 pandemic, many paint manufacturers experienced financial losses, workforce reductions, and operational shutdowns. Accordingly, this study aims to develop an integrated business performance improvement model, analyze the situational conditions of Indonesia’s paint industry supply chain, examine the roles of turbulence, innovation, strategy, and strategic capability in shaping performance, and identify alternative strategies to enhance business performance across supply chain stakeholders. This study develops and empirically tests a business performance improvement model for Indonesia’s paint industry supply chain under conditions of industrial turbulence. Using a mixed-methods approach that integrates Soft Systems Methodology (SSM), Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM), Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM), and the Analytical Network Process (ANP), the research identifies structural challenges, validates relationships among key variables, and prioritizes adaptive strategies. Data were collected through literature review, expert interviews, and a survey of 155 respondents representing paint manufacturers and raw material suppliers. The results reveal that industrial turbulence does not directly influence business strategy but significantly drives innovation (ß = 0.521) and strategic capabilities (ß = 0.612). These internal responses shape adaptive strategies, which emerge as the strongest predictor of business performance (ß = 0.817). The proposed model explains 74% of the variance in strategy and 66.8% of the variance in business performance, highlighting the mediating role of adaptive strategies. Building on the successful strategy paradigm (Ansoff, 1990) and dynamic capability theory (Teece, 2018), this study demonstrates that strengthening sensing, seizing, and reconfiguring capabilities is critical to closing strategic gaps. Key priorities include operational efficiency, substitution of local raw materials to reduce import dependence, and human resource development