Batang Pisang Sebagai Penghasil CMC (Carboxymethyl Cellulose) untuk Sintesis Membran Salut Luka Berbasis HAp-Kolagen/PVA

Abstract

Material salut luka berbasis biopolimer menjadi inovasi yang sedang dikembangkan dalam bidang biomedis. Biopolimer dalam penelitian ini menggunakan carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) yang diperoleh melalui sintesis selulosa batang pisang, serta hidroksiapatit (HAp) diperoleh melalui metode iradiasi gelombang mikro pada cangkang telur ayam. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisa pengaruh variasi komposisi CMC terhadap karakteristik fisik membran salut luka yang dihasilkan melalui proses elektrospinning. Fabrikasi membran salut luka dilakukan dengan memvariasikan konsentrasi CMC (0; 0,5; 1; 1,5 % w/v), dan bahan lainnya, PVA, HAp, dan kolagen dalam konsentrasi konstan. Sampel dikarakterisasi dengan XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDS, Sudut Kontak, dan Swelling Test. Puncak difraksi HAp diperoleh pada 32,19° dan CMC mengalami penurunan puncak daripada selulosa. Penurunan intensitas puncak menunjukkan adanya perusakan strutur kristal CMC akibat proses alkalisasi dan karboksimetilasi dengan indeks kristalinitas mencapai 51,41%. Penambahan CMC menyebabkan peningkatan diameter fiber dan hidrofilisitas membran. Sampel yang menunjukkan tingkat hidrofilisitas tertinggi adalah sampel dengan komposisi CMC 1,5% w/v dengan nilai sudut kontak sebesar 37,5 ± 1,2° dan % swelling mencapai 209,46%.

Biopolymer-based wound dressing materials are an innovation currently being developed in the biomedical field. In this research, the biopolymer used was carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), synthesized from banana stem cellulose, while hydroxyapatite (HAp) was obtained from chicken eggshells through microwave irradiation. This research aims to analyze the effect of CMC composition variation on the physical characteristics of wound dressing membranes produced via the electrospinning process. The membranes were fabricated by varying the CMC concentrations (0; 0,5; 1; 1,5 % w/v), while other components, PVA, HAp, and collagen were kept constant. The samples were characterized using XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDS, contact angle, and swelling tests. The HAp diffraction peak appeared at 32,19°, and the CMC showed a decrease in peak intensity compared to cellulose. The reduction in peak intensity indicated the destruction of the CMC crystalline structure due to alkalization and carboxymethylation processes, with a crystallinity index of 51,41%. The addition of CMC increased the fiber diameter and the hydrophilicity of the membrane. The sample with the highest hydrophilicity was obtained at a CMC concentration of 1,5% w/v, showing a contact angle of 37,5 ± 1,2° and a swelling percentage of 209,46%.