Kapasitas Infiltrasi pada Berbagai Umur Tanaman Nanas di PT Great Giant Pineapple, Lampung Tengah

Abstract

PT Great Giant Pineapple (GGP) merupakan perusahaan hortikultura terbesar di Indonesia yang mengelola budidaya nanas secara intensif. Sistem budidaya ini melibatkan pengolahan tanah berulang serta pengembalian sisa tanaman dalam jumlah besar ke lahan. Sisa tanaman tersebut akan terdekomposisi seiring bertambahnya umur tanaman dan berpotensi mempengaruhi sifat fisik tanah, terutama distribusi pori dan kapasitas infiltrasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan kapasitas infiltrasi konstan (fc) pada petak perkebunan nanas dengan umur tanaman 3, 9, 12, dan 20 bulan setelah tanam (BST), serta mendeskripsikan sifat fisik tanah yang berkaitan dengan kapasitas infiltrasi tersebut. Pengukuran kapasitas infiltrasi dilakukan di lapangan menggunakan double ring infiltrometer pada masing-masing petak dengan tiga ulangan, menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional antar umur tanaman. Sampel tanah untuk analisis tekstur dan kadar C-organik diambil pada kedalaman 0–20 cm dan dianalisis di laboratorium. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif untuk membandingkan nilai fc antar umur tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kapasitas infiltrasi tanah bervariasi antar umur tanaman nanas. Nilai kapasitas infiltrasi konstan tertinggi terdapat pada petak umur 3 BST, sedangkan nilai terendah dijumpai pada petak umur 9 BST dan diikuti oleh petak umur 20 BST. Variasi infiltrasi berkaitan dengan perbedaan kondisi fisik tanah antar petak, seperti kadar air, fraksi klei, serta kondisi struktur dan pori tanah. Tekstur tanah yang relatif seragam berperan sebagai faktor dasar, sementara dinamika infiltrasi lebih ditentukan oleh perubahan kondisi fisik tanah seiring umur tanaman. Hasil penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya pengelolaan kondisi fisik tanah dalam sistem budidaya nanas intensif untuk menjaga kapasitas infiltrasi tanah.

PT Great Giant Pineapple (GGP) is the largest horticultural company in Indonesia that manages intensive pineapple cultivation. This cultivation system involves repeated soil tillage and the return of large amounts of crop residues to the field. These residues decompose as the crop matures and potentially affect soil physical properties, particularly pore distribution and infiltration capacity. This study aimed to compare the constant infiltration capacity (fc) of pineapple plantation plots at crop ages of 3, 9, 12, and 20 months after planting (MAP), and to describe soil physical properties related to infiltration capacity. Infiltration capacity was measured in the field using a double-ring infiltrometer at each plant age with three replications, employing a cross-sectional approach across plant ages. Soil samples for texture analysis and organic carbon content were collected from the 0–20 cm soil depth and analyzed in the laboratory. The data were analyzed descriptively to compare fc values among plant ages. The results showed that soil infiltration capacity varied among pineapple plant ages. The highest constant infiltration capacity was observed in plot at 3 MAP, while the lowest values occurred in plots at 9 MAP, followed by those at 20 MAP. Variations in infiltration were associated with differences in soil physical conditions among plots, such as moisture content, clay fraction, and soil structure and pore conditions. Relatively uniform soil texture served as a baseline factor, whereas infiltration dynamics were more strongly influenced by changes in soil physical conditions with increasing crop age. These findings highlight the importance of managing soil physical conditions in intensive pineapple cultivation systems to maintain soil infiltration capacity.