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      Pemanfaatan Serat Kotoran Gajah menjadi Kertas Daur Ulang dengan Penambahan Daun Sirih sebagai Disinfektan Alami

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      Date
      2025
      Author
      Qolbi, Zakiatun
      Ridwan, Wonny Ahmad
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      Abstract
      Kotoran gajah merupakan limbah organik dengan kandungan serat tinggi karena sistem pencernaan gajah hanya mampu menyerap sekitar 40% nutrisi pakan, sehingga sisanya masih berpotensi dimanfaatkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi potensi serat kotoran gajah sebagai bahan baku kertas daur ulang serta menguji efektivitas penambahan ekstrak daun sirih sebagai disinfektan alami. Proses pembuatan kertas dilakukan melalui tahap pencucian, perebusan dengan ekstrak daun sirih, pencampuran dengan kertas bekas, pencetakan, dan pengeringan. Tiga variasi komposisi digunakan, yaitu sampel a (60% serat kotoran gajah : 40% kertas bekas), sampel b (50% : 50%), dan sampel c (80% : 20%). Analisis dilakukan melalui uji mikrobiologi menggunakan metode (FDA-BAM Chapter 3) serta uji fisik meliputi kuat tarik dan kadar air berdasarkan standar SNI. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan ekstrak daun sirih mampu menurunkan jumlah bakteri dari 5,9 × 105 menjadi 4,3 × 10³ koloni/g. Secara fisik, sampel b menunjukkan kekuatan tarik tertinggi dan kadar air terendah, sedangkan sampel a berada pada kualitas menengah dan sampel c memiliki ketebalan serta beban maksimum terbesar namun kadar air tinggi dan kekuatan tarik spesifik lebih rendah. Sampel a dan b memenuhi standar kadar air SNI (<10%). Secara keseluruhan, kotoran gajah berpotensi sebagai alternatif serat non-kayu untuk kertas ramah lingkungan, dengan penambahan ekstrak daun sirih yang meningkatkan higienitas dan umur simpan produk.
       
      Elephant dung is an organic waste material with high fiber content, as only about 40% of dietary nutrients are digested by elephants, leaving a significant amount of usable fiber. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of elephant dung fiber as a raw material for recycled paper and to assess the effectiveness of betel leaf extract as a natural disinfectant. The papermaking process involved washing, boiling with betel leaf extract, mixing with waste paper, sheet forming, and drying. Three composition ratios were applied: sample a (60% elephant dung fiber : 40% waste paper), sample b (50% : 50%), and sample c (80% : 20%). Microbiological analysis was conducted using method based on FDA-BAM Chapter 3, while physical properties were evaluated through tensile strength and moisture content tests according to Indonesian National Standards (SNI). The results showed that the addition of betel leaf extract significantly reduced bacterial counts from 5.9 × 105 to 4.3 × 10³ colony/g. Physically, sample b exhibited the highest tensile strength and lowest moisture content, sample a showed moderate quality, and sample c had the greatest thickness and maximum load but higher moisture content and lower specific tensile strength. Samples a and b met the SNI moisture content requirement (<10%). Overall, elephant dung demonstrates strong potential as a sustainable non-wood fiber source for art paper, while betel leaf extract provides added value by improving hygiene and extending product durability.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/171860
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      • UT - Environmental Engineering and Management [220]

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